不同生物活性滤池处理长江微污染原水的比较研究

Comparison Study on Removal Micro-pollutants of Yangtze River Water by Biofilters

摘要: 以长江原水为研究对象，通过四种生物活性滤池处理单元对长江水源水中微污染物的去除效果进行对比研究。结果显示生物强化滤池I和II对NH3-N、NO2--N、CODMn、UV254和BDOC的平均去除率分别为80.0%和85.2%、95.4%和95.4%、25.0%和26.2%、12.0%和12.0%、68.3%和70.0%，生物强化滤池II的去除率稍高于生物强化滤池I，但差异无显著性（p > 0.05）。生物活性炭滤池I和Ⅱ对NH3-N、NO2--N、CODMn、UV254和BDOC的平均去除率分别为84.2%和89.4%、95.4%和95.4%、24.0%和31.2%、16.0%和16.0%、67.9%和72.0%，其中生物活性炭滤池II对NH3-N、CODMn和BDOC的去除率高于生物活性炭滤池I（p < 0.05）。长江原水中的溶解性有机物主要由小于1K Daltot 的有机物构成（占48% - 60%），生物活性炭滤池和生物强化滤池对低分子有机物的去除率高于高分子有机物；对于水中的低分子量有机化合物，生物强化滤池II对其去除率要高于生物强化滤池I，生物活性炭滤池II的去除率也高于生物活性炭滤池I。因此，生物活性滤池处理单元能弥补常规工艺难去除低分子量有机化合物上的不足，确保饮用水的优质安全性。
>Taking the raw water of Yangtze Riveras the research object, micro-pollutant removal efficiencies of biofilters for the river water were investigated. The results showed that the average removal rate of NH3-N、NO2--N、CODMn、UV254 and BDOC was 80.0%, 95.4%, 25.0%, 12.0% and 68.3% in the biologically-enhanced active filter type I, and 85.2%, 95.4%, 26.2%, 12.0% and 70.0% in the biologically-enhanced active filter type II. The rates in the biologically-enhanced active filter type II were not significantly higher than those in the biologically-enhanced active filter type I（p > 0.05）.The average removal rates of NH3-N, NO2-N, CODMn, UV254 and BDOC by the biological activated carbon filter type I were 84.2%, 95.4%, 24.0%, 16.0% and 67.9%, respectively; The average removal rates of them by the biological activated carbon filter type II were 89.4%, 95.4%, 31.2%, 16.0% and 72.0%, respectively. The removal rates NH3-N, CODMn and BDOC by the biological activated carbon filter type II were significantly higher than those by the biological activated carbon filter type I. The content of organic material with low MW took great part in Yangzi River, in which the proportion of the organics with MW < 1 k Dalton accounted for 48% - 60%. The biologically-enhanced active filter and biological activated carbon filter processes removed the organics with low MW more effectively than that with high MW. For the removal rate of the organics with low MW, the biologically-enhanced active filter type II was more effectively than the biologically-enhanced active filter type I, and the biological activated carbon filter type II was also more effectively than the biological activated carbon filter type I. Therefore, the biofilter process could make up the deficiency in removing the organics with low MW by conventional water treatment process, and could assure good safety of drinking water.