青藏高原乡村人群对气候变化影响的感知与适应

The Perception and Adaptation of Rural Population to Climate Change in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

摘要: 青藏高原是全球气候变化的敏感区和脆弱区。研究青藏高原乡村人群对气候变化的感知与适应状况，对提高乡村人群气候变化的适应能力，促进青藏高原地区的社会稳定和可持续发展意义重大。本文采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的方式，分析了青藏高原乡村人群对气候变化感知与适应的现状。结果表明：在气候变化对农牧业的影响感知方面，68%的调查对象认为草场返青时间提前，62%认为在气候变化后草场状况恶化，78%认为农作物播种时间提前。在气候变化带来的不利影响感知方面，调查对象最担心的 3 个问题依次是：干旱更加严重(50.4%)、水资源矛盾突出(48.5%)、农业粮食安全(36.8%)。对气候变化的适应对策主要是：完善水利设施，采用高效节水灌溉技术(73.8%)、增加塑料地膜覆盖面或作物秸秆覆盖(58.2%)、调整农作物种植结构，改变作物布局(47.6%)。

Abstract: The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is regard as a sensitive and fragile area of global climate change. Understanding the perception and adaptation of rural population to climate change in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a key step toward social stability and economic sustainable development. The present paper used the method of questionnaire survey combining interview with respondent. After acquiring the information about the climate change knowledge of rural population in the Minhe County, we analyzed the mode of climate change perception and adaptation of the local people. With regard to the perception of the impact of climate change on agriculture and animal husbandry, 68% held that grassland returned green earlier than before, and 62% considered that the grassland degraded, and 78% thought that the sowing time of crop was ahead of time. Concerning the perception of disadvantages from future climate change, what worried respondents most were more severe drought (50.4%), contradiction of water resources (48.5%) and food security (36.8%). About climate change adaptation strategies, 73.8% respondents chose improvement of water conservancy facilities and water-saving irrigation technology, and 58.2% adopted plastic mulch coverage or crop straw mulching, and 47.3% depended on adjustment of crop planting structure and crop distribution.