大学生人格特征与幸福感的关系：友谊质量的中介效应

The Mediating Effect of Friendship Quality between Undergraduates’ Personality Traits and Happiness

摘要: 为探讨大学生人格特征与友谊质量和幸福感的关系，我们采用艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版、友谊质量量表和牛津幸福感问卷对459名大学生进行调查。研究发现：1) 大学生情绪稳定性得分显著高于常模，女生倔强性得分显著低于常模；大学生友谊质量总体处于中上水平，友伴关系和友伴冲突得分偏高；大学生幸福感略高于中等水平。男生倔强性得分显著高于女生；大学生友谊质量的性别差异主要表现为女生友伴关系和亲密性得分显著高于男生。2) 大学生的外倾性人格特征对幸福感既有直接影响，又有通过友谊质量的中介作用产生的间接影响；情绪稳定性对幸福感只有直接影响；倔强性对幸福感只有通过友谊质量的中介作用产生的间接影响。不同人格特征与友谊质量和幸福感的关系模式不同。

Abstract: In present research, a total of 459 undergraduates were measured by EPQ-RSC, FQI and OHI in order to study the relationship of undergraduates’ personality traits with friendship quality and happiness. We have the following findings: 1) The undergraduates’ scores in Emotional Stability are significantly higher than the norm, and the female undergraduates’ scores in Psychoticism are significantly lower than the norm. The total friendship quality of undergraduates is higher than moderate level, with higher scores in companionship and friends conflicts, and the total happiness of undergraduates is a little more than moderate level. The male undergraduates’ scores in Psychoticism are significantly higher than the female. The significant gender difference in friendship quality of undergraduates mainly shows that the female scores in companionship and intimacy are significantly higher than the male. 2) The undergraduates’ extraversion has not only direct effects on happiness, but also indirect effects on happiness through the mediating effect of friendship quality. Emotional Stability has only direct effects on happiness, and Psychoticism has only indirect effects on happiness through the mediating effect of friendship quality. The different personality traits have different relationship patterns with friendship quality and happiness in undergraduates.