河流健康评价研究与进展
Research and Progress on River Health Assessment
DOI: 10.12677/JWRR.2014.33025, PDF, HTML,  被引量 下载: 3,990  浏览: 14,627  国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 王 超, 李凌程：武汉大学水资源与水电工程国家重点实验室，武汉；夏 军：武汉大学水资源与水电工程国家重点实验室，武汉;水资源安全保障湖北省协同创新中心，武汉
关键词: 河流健康；评价方法；评价指标；River Health； Assessment Method； Assessment Indicator
摘要: 人类对河流不合理的开发利用，能够导致河流生态环境及其结构功能的破坏，进一步威胁到人类社会的可持续发展。河流健康问题成为人类生存与可持续发展面临的重要问题。如何有效对河流健康开展评价与管理，成为水资源可持续利用和环境保护与管理的重要课题，对人与自然的和谐发展具有重要的意义。本文初步探讨了河流健康的概念、定义和内涵，概括了国内外河流健康的评价方法及国内外研究发展的状况。针对我国河流健康的发展现状，提出了一些评述和建议，认为河流健康涉及的要素比较多，也十分重要，尤其是生态环境监测与质量评价及其联系的生态水文学和水系统理论研究，今后应该开展长期的河流监控计划并建立全国性的河流健康评价的指南。
Abstract: The long-time inappropriate exploitation of river resources has led to the damages of river ecosystem and structural dysfunction, threatening the sustainable development of society as a whole. The river health issues have emerged as a result. How to carry out river health assessment and river management is vital to the development of harmonious relationship between nature and human being. This review has discussed the connotation of river heath and summarized various methods of evaluating river health at home and abroad. Meanwhile, in view of the status of river health assessment in our country, some suggestions have been put forward that river monitoring plan should be carried out and nationwide river health assessment guidelines should be established in the future.
文章引用：王超, 夏军, 李凌程. 河流健康评价研究与进展[J]. 水资源研究, 2014, 3(3): 189-197. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/JWRR.2014.33025

参考文献

[1] 董哲仁. 国外河流健康评估技术[J]. 水利水电技术, 2005, 36(11): 15-19. DONG Zhe-ren. Overseas assessing technology for river health. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2005, 36(11): 15-19. (in Chinese)
[2] 郑江丽, 邵东国, 王龙, 吴玉婷. 健康长江指标体系与综合评价研究[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2007, 4: 61-63. ZHENG Jiang-li, SHAO Dong-guo, WANG Long and WU Yu-ting. Study on the index system and integrative evaluation of health in Yangtze River. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2007, 4: 61-63. (in Chinese)
[3] 夏自强, 郭文献. 河流健康研究进展与前瞻[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(2): 252-256. XIA Zi-qiang, GUO Wen-xian. Research advance in river health. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2008, 17(2): 252-256. (in Chinese)
[4] FREY D. G. Biological integrity of water—An historical approach. The integrity of water. Proceedings of a Symposium, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, 1977: 127-140.
[5] SCHOFIELD, N. J., DAVIES, P. E. Measuring the health of our rivers. Water, 1996, 5(6): 39-43.
[6] SIMPSON, J., NORRIS, R. and BARMUTA, L. AusRivAS-national river health program. User Manual Website Version, 1999.
[7] KARR, J. R. Defining and measuring river health. Freshwater Biology, 1999, 41(2): 221-234.
[8] MEYER, J. L. Stream health: Incorporating the human dimension to advance stream ecology. The North American Benlho-Logical Society, 1997, 16(2): 439-447.
[9] FAIRWEATHER, P. G. State of environment indicators of “river health” exploring the metaphor. Freshwater Biology, 1999, 41(2): 211-220.
[10] VUGTEVEEN, P., LEUVEN, R. S. E. W., HUIJBREGTS, M. A. J., et al. Redefinition and elaboration of river ecosystem health: Perspective for river management. Hydrobiologia, 2006, 565(1): 289-308.
[11] 刘恒, 涂敏. 对国外河流健康问题的初步认识[J]. 中国水利, 2005, 4: 19-22. LIU Heng, TU Min. Brief review of healthy river issues in foreign countries. China Water Resources, 2005, 4: 19-22. (in Chinese)
[12] 刘昌明, 刘晓燕. 河流健康理论初探[J]. 地理学报, 2008, 63(7): 683-692. LIU Chang-ming, LIU Xiao-yan. Healthy river: Essence and indicators. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(7): 683692. (in Chinese)
[13] 董哲仁. 河流健康的内涵[J]. 中国水利, 2005, 4: 15-18. DONG Zhe-ren. River health connotation. China Water Resources, 2005, 4: 15-18. (in Chinese)
[14] 李国英. 黄河治理的终极目标是维持黄河健康生命[J]. 人民黄河, 2004, 26(1): 1-3. LI Guo-ying. The final target of Yellow River regulation is to sustain a life of the Yellow River. Yellow River, 2004, 26(1): 1-3. (in Chinese)
[15] 文伏波, 韩其为, 许炯心, 胡春宏, 陈吉余, 李国英, 董哲仁, 王光谦. 河流健康的定义与内涵[J]. 水科学进展, 2007, 1: 140-150. WEN Fu-bo, HAN Qi-wei, XU Jiong-xin, HU Chun-hong, CHEN Ji-yu, LI Guo-ying, DONG Zhe-ren and WANG Guang-qian. River health connotation. Advances in Water Sience, 2007, 1: 140-150. (in Chinese)
[16] NORRIS, R. H., HAWKINS, C. P. Monitoring river health. Hydrobiologia, 2000, 435(1-3): 5-17.
[17] WRIGHT, J. F. Development and use of a system for predicting macroinvertebrates in flowing waters. Australian Journal of Ecology, 1995, 20(1): 181-197.
[18] HAWKINS, C. P., NORRIS, R. H., HOGUE, J. N., et al. Development and evaluation of predictive models for measuring the biological integrity of streams. Ecological Applications, 2000, 10(5): 1456-1477.
[19] KARR, J. R., CHU, E. W. Introduction: Sustaining living rivers. Assessing the ecological integrity of running waters. Netherlands: Springer, 2000: 1-14.
[20] BARBOUR, M. T., GERRITSEN, J., SNYDER, B. D., et al. Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers: Periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. 2nd Edition, Washington DC: EPA 841-B-99-002. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 1999: 1-10.
[21] 吴阿娜, 杨凯, 车越, 袁雯. 河流健康状况的表征及其评价[J]. 水科学进展, 2005, 16(4): 602-608. WU E-nuo, YANG Kai, CHE Yue and YUAN Wen. Characterization of rivers health status and its assessment. Advances in Water Science, 2005, 16(4): 602-608. (in Chinese)
[22] 唐涛, 蔡庆华, 刘健康. 河流生态系统健康及其评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2002, 13(9): 1191-1194. TANG Tao, CAI Qing-hua and LIU Jian-kang. River ecosystem health and its assessment. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(9): 1191-1194. (in Chinese)
[23] PARSONS, M., THOMS, M. and NORRIS, R. Australian river assessment system: Review of physical river assessment methods—A biological perspective, monitoring river heath initiative technical report no 21. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia and University of Canberra, 2002: 1-24.
[24] LADSON, A. R., WHITE, L. J., DOOLAN, J. A., et al. Development and testing of an index of stream condition for waterway management in Australia. Freshwater Biology, 1999, 41(2): 453-468.
[25] LADSON, A. R., WHITE, L. J. An index of stream condition: Reference manual. 2nd Edition, Melbourne: Department of Natural Resources and Environment, 1999: 1-65.
[26] WHITE, L. J., LADSON, A. R. An index of stream condition: Field manual. Melbourne: Department of Natural Resources and Environment, 1999: 1-33.
[27] WHITE, L. J., LADSON, A. R. An index of stream condition: User’s manual. 2nd Edition, Melbourne: Department of Natural Resources and Environment, 1999: 1-22.
[28] 丰华丽, 王超, 李剑超. 生态学观点在流域可持续管理中的应用[J]. 水利水电快报, 2001, 22(14): 21-23. FENG Hua-li, WANG Chao and LI Jian-chao. The application of the ecology view in the river basin sustainable management. Express Water Resources & Hydropower Information, 2001, 22(14): 21-23. (in Chinese)
[29] RAVEN, P. J., FOX, P., EVERARD, M., et al. River habitat survey: A new system for classifying rivers according to their habitat quality. In: BOON, P. J., HOWELL, D. L., Eds., Freshwater Quality: Defining the Indefinable? Edinburgh: The Stationery Office, 1997: 215-234.
[30] RAVEN, P. J., HOLMES, N. T. H., DAWSON, F. H., et al. River habitat quality—The physical character of rivers and streams in the UK and Isle of man. River Habitat Survey, Report No. 12. Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection & Environment and Heritage Service, 1998: 85.
[31] WRIGHT, J. F., SUTCLIFFE, D. W. and FURSE, M. T. Assessing the biological quality of freshwaters: RIVPACS and other techniques. Ambleside: The Freshwater Biological Association, 2000: 1-24.
[32] ALVSVÅG, J., DAHL, E. and NAUSTVOLL, L. The EU water framework directive. Havforskningsnytt, 2005, 15: 1-2.
[33] 刘晓燕. 黄河健康生命理论体系框架[J]. 人民黄河, 2005, 27(11): 59. LIU Xiao-yan. The Yellow River healthy life theory system framework. Yellow River, 2005, 27(11): 59. (in Chi-nese)
[34] 刘晓燕. 构建黄河健康生命的指标体系[J]. 中国水利, 2005, 21: 28-32. LIU Xiao-yan. Construction of healthy indicators system in Yellow River. China Water Resources, 2005, 21: 28-32. (in Chinese)
[35] 刘晓燕, 张建中, 张原锋. 黄河健康生命的指标体系[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(5): 451-460. LIU Xiao-yan, ZHANG Jian-zhong and ZHANG Yuan-feng. Healthy indicators system in Yellow River. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(5): 451-460. (in Chinese)
[36] 刘晓燕, 张原峰. 健康黄河的内涵及其指标[J]. 水利学报, 2006, 37(6): 649-654, 661. LIU Xiao-yan, ZHANG Yuan-feng. Essence and indicators of the healthy Yellow River. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2006, 37(6): 649-654, 661. (in Chinese)
[37] 赵彦伟, 杨志峰, 姚长青. 黄河健康评价与修复基本框架[J]. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19(5): 131-134, 173. ZHAO Yan-wei, YANG Zhi-feng and YAO Chang-qing. Basic frameworks of health assessment and restoration of Yellow River. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005, 19(5): 131-134, 173. (in Chinese)
[38] 张世杰. 基于下游河流健康的黄土高原土壤容许流失量[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2011, 9(1): 9-15. ZHANG Shi-jie. Soil loss tolerance in the loess plateau based on the healthy function of the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 9(1): 9-15. (in Chinese)
[39] 赵锁志, 王沛东, 孔凡吉, 王喜宽, 赵军, 李世宝, 张青. 黄河内蒙古段生态系统健康状况评价[J]. 现代地质, 2008, 22(6): 1022-1027. ZHAO Suo-zhi, WANG Pei-dong, KONG Fan-ji, WANG Xi-kuan, ZHAO Jun, LI Shi-bao and ZHANG Qing. Evaluation of ecosystem health status of Inner Mongolian section of Yellow River. Geoscience, 2008, 22(6): 1022-1027. (in Chinese)
[40] 吴道喜, 黄思平. 健康长江指标体系研究[J]. 水利水电快报, 2007, 28(12): 1-3. WU Dao-xi, HUANG Si-ping. Indicators of the healthy Yangtze River. Express Water Resources & Hydropower Information, 2007, 28(12): 1-3. (in Chinese)
[41] 王龙, 邵东国, 郑江丽, 吴玉婷. 健康长江评价指标体系与标准研究[J]. 中国水利, 2007, 12: 12-15. WANG Long, SHAO Dong-guo, ZHENG Jiang-li and WU Yu-ting. Assessment index system of healthy Yangtze and standards. China Water Resources, 2007, 12: 12-15. (in Chinese)
[42] 蔡其华. 加强流域管理, 维护健康长江[J]. 人民长江, 2009, 8: 1-4. CAI Qi-hua. Strengthen river basin management for a healthy Yangtze. Yangtze River, 2009, 8: 1-4. (in Chinese)
[43] 郭建威, 黄薇. 健康长江评价方法初探[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2008, 25(4): 1-4. GUO Jian-wei, HUANG Wei. Exploration on assessment methods for healthy Yangtze River. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2008, 25(4): 1-4. (in Chinese)
[44] 王宏伟, 张伟, 杨丽坤. 中国河流健康评价体系[J]. 河北大学学报: 自然科学版, 2011, 31(6): 668-672. WANG Hong-wei, ZHANG Wei and YANG Li-kun. Outline of research on rivers health evaluation system. Journal of Hebei University (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 31(6): 668-672. (in Chinese)
[45] 金占伟, 李向阳, 林木隆, 许进. 健康珠江评价指标体系研究[J]. 人民珠江, 2009, 1: 20-22. JIN Zhan-wei, LI Xiang-yang, LIN Mu-long and XU Jin. Study of healthy Pearl River assessment index system. Pearl River, 2009, 1: 20-22. (in Chinese)
[46] 林木隆, 李向阳, 杨明海. 珠江流域河流健康评价指标体系初探[J]. 人民珠江, 2006, 4: 1-3, 14. LIN Mu-long, LI Xiang-yang and YANG Ming-hai. Probe into the index system for evaluating the health of the rivers in the Pearl River basin. Pearl River, 2006, 4: 1-3, 14. (in Chinese)
[47] 中国河流健康与环境流量项目总结报告[Z]. 国际水资源中心, 2012. River health & environment flow programme final report of China. Water Centre, 2012.
[48] 陈雷. 实行最严格的水资源管理制度保障经济社会可持续发展[J]. 人民论坛, 2009, 6: 10-12. CHEN Lei. The strictest water resources management system guarantee sustainable economic and social development. People’s Tribune, 2009, 6: 10-12. (in Chinese)