碳排放与市场失灵(一)——碳排放负外部效应及其治理路径

Carbon Emissions and Market Failure (1)——Carbon Negative External Effect and Governance Path

摘要: 温室气体过量排放的经济根源是低碳经济学理论研究的重要内容，也是构建有效减排路径和机制的基础性问题。本文以市场失灵理论中的外部效应理论为基础，探讨了碳排放的外部性表现以及治理路径。通过构造一个简单的生产性负外部效应模型，定量分析了厂商合并方式消除外部性对碳排放量的影响，并归纳出了碳减排路径实现的条件。本文认为，碳减排可以通过内部化的方式实现，而且只有在受污染企业追求自身利益最大化存在障碍时才会发生。

Abstract: The economic root of excessive emissions of greenhouse gases is an important content in the low carbon economy theory, in which the basic problem is how to build the effective path and mechanism of the carbon emission reduction. This paper, on the basis of external effect theory in the market failure theory, has discussed the carbon emission externality performance and governance path. By building up a simple model of productive negative external effects, it has quantitatively analyzed the influence on the amounts of carbon emissions to manufacturers combined in order to eliminate external, and summed up realization conditions for the carbon emission reduction path. The article considers that carbon emission reduction can be achieved through the internalization of external effect, and the event will occur only if polluted enterprises are facing the obstacles when they pursue the maximization profits.