中国电力产业组织结构分析及优化建议

China’s Power Industry Organization Structure Analysis and Optimization Proposals

摘要: 我国电力产业自形成至今已取得了非常大的进展，但由于电力行业特有的属性和国家行政的垄断，导致目前电力市场向竞争市场的发展过程步伐缓慢。虽然有三次明显的改革，但改革后的市场结构、企业行为和市场绩效还是存在种种问题，因此文中运用哈佛学派的贝恩的SCP分析理论框架对我国电力产业发电侧市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效及三者的关系进行分析，旨在描述电力产业组织现状，发现问题并为下步电力市场改革、电力产业组织进一步优化提供建议。研究发现：一、我国电力行业中五大电力集团的市场集中不断在扩大，外资及民营企业市场份额有缩小的趋势；二、电力产业规制制度不健全和行政干预是电力市场进一步优化的最大障碍；三、位居高耗能的火电机组占比例过大，需要进行电源优化，有效降低能耗，资源配资更加有效。

Abstract: Since the formation of China’s power industry, it has been made very great progress so far, but the unique properties of the power industry and the monopoly of state administration lead to a slow pace of the development process from current electricity market to competition market. Although there are three signifi-cant reforms, market structure, corporate behavior and market performance problems still exist after the re-form. So the paper uses SCP analysis theory framework, which was put forward by Bain of Harvard School, to analyze the relationship among the market structure of Chinese power industry, market behavior and mar-ket performance with the aim to describe the current status of Power Industry and identify problems providing advice to the reform of the electricity market for the next step and the further optimize of industrial organiza-tion. Findings: first, China’s electric power industry is continually concentrating on five major power markets and the share of foreign investment and private enterprise market is going down; second, defective power in-dustry regulation system and administrative intervention is the biggest obstacle to further optimize of electric-ity market; third, the thermal power units among high energy consumption accounts for a disproportionately large. So it urgently needs to allocate resource effectively, optimize power and reduce energy consumption.