新疆高效节水滴灌示范基地建设历程与管理运行模式发展探讨

Operation and Development of the Efficient Demonstration Base for Water-Saving Irrigation Management in Xinjiang

摘要: 新疆高效节水灌溉面积从1999年的11.76 × 10⁴ hm²，发展到2012年的135.56 × 10⁴ hm²，位居全国前列。高效节水滴灌示范基地建设在高起点、高效益、高质量等高标准要求下，为新疆区域合理选择最适宜节水技术提供了科学依据，为大面积推广应用节水灌溉技术树立了榜样，同时其示范效益的显著性直接带动了周围地区节水灌溉发展。但由于粗放灌溉传统习惯，管理滞后，技术培训和技术服务体系不健全等缘故，新疆节水示范基地综合功能效益并未体现。本文简述了新疆滴灌示范基地内涵和作用，基地的发展历程以及当前基地运行存在问题，分析基于当前滴灌示范基地机构设置不完善、职能分布不明确现状，提出了高效节水滴灌示范工程基地管理运行模式的标准化建设思路构想，认为当前滴灌示范基地应当细化管理机构部门，强化各机构工作职能并设立基地管理岗位制度，保证滴灌示范基地沿着科学的前沿有效运行。

Abstract: The efficient water-saving irrigation area in Xinjiang increases from 11.76 × 10⁴ hm² in 1999 to 135.56 × 10⁴ hm² in 2012 and is largest in the nation. Under the high starting point, high efficiency, and high qual-ity standards, the efficient demonstration base for water-saving irrigation provides a scientific basis for selecting the most appropriate and reasonable water-saving technology in Xinjiang and sets an example for a large-scale application of water-saving irrigation technology. At the same time, the effectiveness of the significant demonstration has directly led to the development of water-saving irrigation in the sur-rounding area. However, due to the extensive irrigation habit, management lag, the imperfect technical training, technical service system and so on, the efficient demonstration base for water-saving irrigation in Xinjiang did not reflect the comprehensive function. This paper expounds the connotations and functions of the demonstration base of drip irrigation in Xinjiang, and expounds the development of the demonstration base and the current operation problems. Analysis based on the current problems about the incomplete organization setup of the drip irrigation demonstration base and the unclear function dis-tribution put forward the thought about the standardized construction and operation mode of the efficient water- saving irrigation demonstration project. In order to ensure the efficient operation and make it be along the forefront of science, we think that the current irrigation demonstration base should be refined management agencies, strengthen the job function and establish the system of the base management positions.