德语陈述句句法结构解析

The Syntactic Structure of German Declarative Sentences

摘要: 语言在人们相互间的沟通与交流中有着无可替代的作用。学习直至精通他国语言，乃是了解与探究他国文化、历史、社会等的桥梁。德语隶属于印欧语系，作为欧洲的一个重要语言其与英语最为接近2 [1]，唯德语语法较为复杂且有诸多的规则和变化。本论文旨在以德语语言的陈述句为中心来探讨德语中具有代表性的典型语句的结构、功能及其使用条件。有别于目前坊间的德语语法参考书与专业文献对此类句法结构的阐述，本文在德语陈述句结构的解构与分析的基础上，在其句法构成的复杂性中找出其词序排列的规律性，提出具普遍意义的经验法则，同时归纳出语言实践中语句结构组织可能产生的变化及语者语意上所呈现的细微差异，由此以弥补目前对相应德语语法现象尚欠清晰的论述，期以让德语学习者在语句的掌握、表达与书写上更精准且能运用自如。

Abstract: Languages play a vital role in communication and the exchange of ideas among people. A primary aim of learning a foreign language and being proficient in it is to be able to understand and explore another country’s culture, history, society and so on. The German language belongs to the Indo-European languages. As an important European language, German is the closest one to English. The major difference between the two is the higher complexity of German grammar which comprises a vaster set of rules. In contrast to the current German grammar references und specia-lized literature of German linguistics, this paper focuses on the deconstruction and analysis of declarative sentences to find the regulations followed in the arrangement of their syntactic struc-ture. Furthermore, this paper also depicts the flexibility of German syntax which allows for wider possibilities in sentence structure, and the nuances of this phenomenon in both spoken and written discourse. All of this will acquaint learners with the complexity of German syntax, in hopes of providing a tool that will guide them to use this language more accurately and freely.