摘要:
凡纳滨对虾是我国对虾养殖最重要的经济种类。尽管目前其人工繁养殖技术已推广普及，但是业界普遍存在着对其技术内涵和作用机理不甚了解，操作规范不一。本文以笔者多年来在凡纳滨对虾亲虾促熟的实验观察和幼体繁育生产实践为基础，结合对目前凡纳滨对虾幼体繁育业的深入调查研究，详细地概述了凡纳滨对虾亲虾两种集约促熟技术的技术内容、工艺流程和操作要领，及其优缺点，并提出亲虾集约促熟过程存在的问题：1) 交配率低；2) 无节幼体不变态和发育不同步；3) 对虾亲虾繁殖群体中不同个体卵巢发育差异；4) 亲虾产卵次数与卵子和幼体质量关系。文中还就这些问题的成因和处理对策进行分析和讨论。
Abstract: Litopenaeus vannamei is the most important species of shrimp in China’s shrimp farming. Although the artificial breeding technology has been wide popularization, its technical connotation and function mechanism are generally not well understood, and there are no consistent operation standards. The technical process and content, operating essentials and their advantages and dis-advantages of two kinds of intensive ripening of broodstock, Litopenaeus vannamei was summa-rized and the problems present in the intensive ripening process of broodstock was proposed, based on some experience of engaging in studying on the reproductive ecology of shrimp broods-tock and aquaculture production activities for years, investigations of current Litopenaeus van-namei nauplius hatchery industry. The problems are present in four parts: 1) how to improve the rate of mating; 2) nauplii have not metamorphosis and have metamorphosis without synchroniza-tion; 3) ovarian development differences between female shrimp individual in broodstock repro-ductive population; 4) the influence of broodstock consecutive spawns (spawning order) in the intensive ripening conditions on egg quality and larvae quality. Meanwhile, the causes, the research status, the negative impact and the treatment strategies of these problems were analyzed and discussed in detail.