摘要:
新型甲型流感病毒的出现会导致流感大流行甚至暴发，2013年2月，新型甲型流感病毒H7N9在上海出现并蔓延至全国多省市。本篇文章对2013年2月以来有关H7N9病毒株的流行病学、临床表现、防治措施等相关文献进行综述，目前的数据显示，H7N9禽流感病毒通过基因突变获得人源受体，随候鸟迁徙传播给家禽。禽接触是主要传播途径。年龄、性别和基础疾患是影响预后的主要因素。对H7N9早期感染者多采取抑制剂奥司他韦和帕拉米韦治疗。目前针对H7N9的疫苗还处于实验阶段。做好持续监测和及时沟通，对于探索H7N9禽流感病毒的起源与传播途径并制定行之有效的控制措施是非常重要的。
Abstract: Novel influenza A virus may cause epidemic and outbreak. In February 2013, a novel AIV (H7N9) strain was discovered in Shanghai and spreaded to several provinces. Here we reviewed the current knowledge of the virus about its epidemiology, clinical features, as well as prevention and cure measures. The data available so far indicated that H7N9 was originated by a reassortment process in birds and contained human-receptor and transmitted to humans through direct contact with live-bird markets. The severity of the respiratory disease caused by novel H7N9 virus in humans can be partly attributed to the age, sex, and underlying medical conditions of the patients. Early antiviral therapy with neuraminidase inhibitors was effective. A universal influenza vaccine is not available, constant surveillance and communication combined with novel research approaches to identify the source and mode of transmission of these viruses and develop alternative and effective anti-influenza strategies are needed to overcome influenza A (H7N9) virus.