石灰岩山地不同整地方式对造林效果的影响

The Afforestation Effects of Different Soil Preparation on the Limestone Mountainous Region

摘要: 为了提高造林成活率、增加林分的生长量，以尽快绿化裸露山地，我们在永州市金洞管理区石鼓源工区黄家山选取一块典型的干旱瘠薄石灰岩山地进行了不同整地方式的造林试验。采用鱼鳞坑整地、水平阶整地、水平沟整地、梯田整地和穴状整地5种整地方式造林，分别对9个树种的造林成活率和栽植初期的新梢生长量进行统计分析。结果表明:在干旱瘠薄的石灰岩山地造林，整地方式的选择对柏木、湿地松、马尾松、木荷、枫香和杜英的造林成活率产生了显著的影响，对桉树的造林成活率产生了极显著的影响；对杉木、柏木、湿地松、马尾松、木荷、枫香、杜英、桉树和桤木的新梢生长量都产生了极显著的影响。采用水平沟整地方式造林的效果最好，采用穴状整地造林的效果最差。在水平沟整地方式下柏木的造林成活率是95.7%，而穴状整地造林柏木的成活率是88%，二者相差7.7%；在水平沟整地方式下湿地松的新梢生长量达到了43 cm，而穴状整地造林湿地松的新梢生长量是20 cm，二者相差23 cm，后者仅为前者的46.5%。从造林效果上排序依次是：水平沟整地 > 梯田整地 > 水平阶整地 > 鱼鳞坑整地 > 穴状整地。

Abstract: In order to improve the survival rate of afforestation, and increase forest stand growth as well as afforesting the barren land as soon as possible, we chose a typical drought and poor limestone area as our forestating tests with different soil preparation methods (In Huangjiashan, Shiguyuan Township, Jindong Managing District, City of Yongzhou). The survival rate, new treetop growth in early days after plantation of 5 planting techniques and 9 tree species on the dry and barren land in the mountainous region were studied, using scale-shaped pit soil preparation, level step soil preparation, level trench soil preparation, method terraced field and hole shape soil preparation. The result showed that soil preparation selection has a great influence on the survival rate and the new treetop growth on the dry and barren land in the mountains region afforestation, and also has a very significant impact on the afforestation survival rate of eucalyptus and the growth of new shoots of Chinese fir, cedar, slash pine, pine, superba, Liquidambar, Du Ying, eucalyptus and alder. The level trench soil preparation method got the best afforestation effect, compared with the worst one with hole shape soil preparation method. Cypress afforestation survival rate is 95.7% with the former method while 88% in the latter way. The two differs by 7.7%. New shoots of pinus elliottii reached 43 cm by using the former method, compared with 20 cm in the latter one. The two differs by 23 cm—the latter is only 46.5% of the former. Sorting from afforestation effect in order is: level trench soil preparation > method terraced field > level step soil preparation > scale- shaped pit soil preparation > hole shape soil preparation.