关于物理学方法、信息学方法与心理学方法

—兼评舒华等《心理学实验方法：科学心理学发展的根本》
On the Methods of Physics, Informatics, and Psychology
—A Comment on Hua Shu et al.’s Paper “Experimental Method in Psychology: The Fundamental Approach for the Development of Scientific Psychology”

摘要: 人类心理现象包含着物质特征与信息特征，生物学研究它的物质特征，而心理学研究它的信息特征。生物学借用物理学的方法是成功的，但是心理学不能照搬物理学的方法，因为心理信息不像自然物质那样具有可以直接观察的形体、可以量度的体积与重量，也不具有可以运用数量公式来描述的运动规律。在信息科学发展成熟、信息研究范式得到公认的今天，心理学正在由过去曾经的物理学分支、生物学分支，变成信息学的分支。本文提出，物理学的“数量化”与“公式化”方法只能用来研究非生命物质的运动规律，它不适合选作心理学的方法；心理过程的本质不是物质而是信息，信息学的“逻辑化”与“程序化”方法对于心理学具有普遍适用性；人的“心理智能”是“人工智能”之母，心理学特有的方法是“智能涌现论”的方法。我们简要地评述舒华等的论文《心理学实验方法：科学心理学发展的根本》，并明确指出：认知神经科学的方法仅仅适用于心理学与脑科学的交叉研究，不可能成为基础心理学的根本方法。

Abstract: The human psychological phenomena include material characteristics and informational charac-teristics; Biology studies the material characteristics and psychology researches of the informa-tional characteristics. Biology has successfully borrowed methodology from physics. However, psychology cannot copy physical methods because unlike the material body that can be directly observed with the volume and weight measured, and psychological information doesn’t possess the motion law that can be expressed by quantitative formulas. When the information science becomes mature and information paradigm is accepted by scholars, psychology is transformed from the past physics branch and biology branch into the branch of information science. This paper suggests that quantity and formula methods in physics can only be used to study the law of motion of non-life material, but it is not suitable to be psychological methods; The essence of psychological process is not the material but information; Only logical and programming methods of informatics have general applicability for psychology; People’s “psychological intelligence” is the mother of “artificial intelligence”; and Psychological proper method is “intelligence emergentism”. We briefly reviewed Hua Shu et al.’s paper “Experimental Method in Psychology: the Fundamental Approach for the Development of Scientific Psychology”, and explicitly pointed out that the methods of cognitive neuroscience only can be applied to the intersection study of psychology and brain science, but cannot become the fundamental approach for basic psychology.