寡头生产商对上游供货商的选择机制研究

Research on the Selection Mechanism of the Manufacturer for Upstream Suppliers

摘要: 在市场中寡头生产商的决策不仅要遵从Cournot博弈要求，往往还要考虑上游供货商的供货参数。本文针对Cournot博弈框架下寡头生产商对上游供货商的选择问题，提出均衡采购策略的概念，并根据收益最大化原则和收益矩阵，研究了寡头生产商对上游供货商的选择机制并讨论了具体的选择过程。发现在存在上游供货商的情况下，生产商的均衡采购策略不仅与市场需求曲线有关，还与供货商的供货参数有关，并且不一定出现纯战略纳什均衡，有可能出现混合战略纳什均衡。

Abstract: In the market, while competing with rivals, the manufacture not only needs to comply with the requirements of the Cournot game, but also needs to take into account the supplier’s supplement parameters. This paper studies how the manufactures choose the suppliers in the Cournot game framework and proposes a concept of equilibrium purchase strategy, researches the selection mechanism of manufacturers for upstream suppliers and discusses the concrete selection process based on maximum benefit principle and yield matrix. Found in the presence of upstream suppliers, the equilibria purchase strategy of a manufacture is not only related to the market demand curve, but also to the supplier’s supplyment parameters, and there does not necessarily exist pure strategy Nash equilibrium, there may exist a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium.