叔本华痛苦观析论

An Analysis and Discussion of the Schopenhauer’s View of Pain

摘要: 叔本华痛苦观具有世界观、人生观和价值观三重意蕴。以意志作本体说明世界亦表达了一种哲学观；生命意志标示着人是其所是，表现为无休无止的意欲冲动，规定了人的痛苦本质，从而不可避免地陷入虚无。叔本华鲜明地表达了痛苦对人生的积极意义，揭明了“向死而生”机理；痛苦是乐观主义的一幅有效解毒剂，痛苦本身并无价值，而是生命使痛苦有价值，痛苦的价值在于激发出新的价值。

Abstract: The Schopenhauer’s view of pain has three meanings that are world view, philosophy and sense of worth. Treating the will as noumenon also expresses a view of philosophy; the will of life marks “man is what it is”, showing the endless impulse of desire, and it specifies the nature of human’s pain; thereby it inevitably falls into nothingness. Schopenhauer expressed the positive significance of pain to life clearly, and exposed the mechanism of “borning to die”; pain is an effective antidote of optimism, and the pain itself has no value. But life made the pain worthwhile, and the value of pain is to stimulate new value.