积极心理学视野下儿童解释风格初探

A Preliminary Research on Children’s Explaining Styles from the Perspective of Positive Psychology

摘要: 文章从积极心理学的理念出发，探讨儿童的解释风格。我们根据赛利格曼等人编制的《儿童归因风格问卷》对200名8~13岁的儿童进行测验并统计分析发现：1) 调查组儿童比赛利格曼书中所提供的美国常模儿童更加悲观；2) 调查组儿童悲观的主要原因是人格化(PSB)分数过高，根据赛利格曼对数据的分析，我们调查组的儿童属于自责型，以上差异在0.95置信水平下均具有显著意义。文章基于统计分析结果和观察访谈，分析了自责型儿童悲观产生的原因，并提出了从改变认知入手的具体方案。

Abstract: Children’s explaining styles are discussed on the basis of the positive psychology theories in the article. According to Children’s Attribution Style Questionnaire designed by Martin E.P. Seligman and his partners, 200 children aged from 8 to 13 were tested afterwards, the statistics were ana-lyzed and the results are as follows: 1) Children who joined the investigation showed more pessimistic than the children introduced in American Norms in Seligman’s book; 2) the main reason for children’s pessimism was caused by getting too much higher scores in PSB. Judging by the data analysis of Seligman, the children investigated belong to self-accusation style whose difference level is below the confidence level 0.95, which is significant. Depending on the results of statistic analysis, surveys as well as interviews, the reasons leading to children’s self-accusation pessimism are analyzed while some detailed methods are put forward by changing children’s cognition firstly.