奈达与林语堂的翻译观之比较研究

A Comparative Study of Nida’s and Lin Yutang’ s Viewpoints on Translation

摘要: 奈达提出了“功能对等”的翻译原则，强调译文读者所接受的信息应该与源语文本读者所接受的信息基本一致；林语堂基于翻译实践提出了翻译三原则“忠实、通顺、美”，提倡翻译是一门艺术；二者对中国译学界产生了重大影响。不论是奈达的“功能对等”还是林语堂的“忠实、通顺”，均强调除了传递信息外，翻译的更重要的功能是传递“效果”；二者都认为“形式”是构成语言独特性的一部分，在翻译过程中不得不有所改变。二者所处的时代与环境不同，各自生活经历相异，他们的翻译观亦存在明显的不同点。奈达的翻译观植根于语言学研究，没有提及文学作品的美学价值在翻译中的传递；林语堂翻译观形成于中国传统翻译研究的社会背景，认为传递文章的美学价值是翻译过程中译者的重要任务。本研究有助于我们认识和借鉴两位翻译大师的翻译观，既有理论意义,又有应用价值。

Abstract: Nida raises “Functional Equivalence” as his translation principle, highlighting what the readers receive from the version should be almost the same as what the readers get from the source text. Lin Yutang suggests the triple translation principle of “Faithfulness, Smoothness and Beauty”, ad-vocating that translation is an art. Both Nida and Lin Yutang have exerted great influence upon the Chinese translators. Both share some viewpoints on translation: their principles for translation both emphasize transmission of effect as well as information from the source text to the target text; both think that “linguistic form” is a unique feature of a particular language and must be changed properly in the process of translation. As they lived in different eras and cultural contexts and had different life experiences, their views on translation show obvious dissimilarities. Nida’s views on translation, which are rooted in his linguistic research, fail to mention the necessity of transplanting the aesthetic value of literary works to the versions; whereas Lin’s views on translation, which are shaped in the context of traditional translation studies, emphasize that it is an important task of the translator to transmit the original aesthetic value to the version. This study, which is intended to help us grasp and utilize the two great masters’ views on translation, possesses both theoretical significance and practical value.