山西省太宽河自然保护区野核桃林群落生态学特征

Community Characteristics of Juglans cathayensis Forest in Taikuanhe Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province

摘要: 野核桃是我国特有物种，为山西省一级珍稀濒危保护植物。受人类活动干扰，其群落分布面积日趋减少，种群数量急剧下降，处于濒危状态。以山西省太宽河自然保护区的野核桃为研究对象，采用典型取样法，从群落学特征、物种多样性以及群落的优势种生态位三个方面分析了野核桃林的群落生态学特征。结果表明：野核桃群落内维管植物共32种，隶属于20科28属；植物区系以北温带类型的种类为主，生活型组成以高位芽种类最多；野核桃共54株，重要值达89.30%，是群落的优势种，四照花和栓皮栎为群落的伴生种或偶见种；以草本植物的多样性指数最大，对群落的丰富度和多样性贡献较大；野核桃、接骨木和溪黄草分别是各层优势种，利用资源的能力较强，生态位宽度分别达2.061、1.722和1.499；在乔木层中，其他物种难以进入野核桃为建群种的群落中，生态位重叠值较低；灌木和草本植物由于对野核桃的生活环境有比较一致的适应性，生态位重叠值较高。

Abstract: Juglans mandshurica is a unique species in China, and is ranked as one of the first-class protection of rare and endangered plants in Shanxi Province. Interfered with human activities, the distribution of its community area is declining, and the number of populations decreases sharply. Based on the typical sampling method, the ecology characteristics of J. cathayensis forest were analyzed from the aspects of community characteristics, species diversity and the niche of dominant species in Taikuanhe Nature Reserve in Shanxi Province. The results showed that there were 32 species of vascular plants in J. cathayensis forest, belonging to 20 families and 28 genera. The genotype of the plant was dominated by north temperate, and the life form was mainly phanerophytes. J. mandshurica, with a total number of 54, was the dominant species. Dendrobenthamia japonica andQuercus variabilis were companion species or occasional species in the community. The diversity index of herbaceous plants was the largest, which contributed greatly to the richness and diversity of the community. J. cathayensis, Sambucus williamsii and Rabdosia serra were the dominant species of each layer, with the niche breadth of 2.061, 1.722 and 1.499, respectively. In the tree layer, other species were difficult to enter the community, which showed the low niche overlap. Shrubs and herbs were more consistent with the habitat of J. cathayensis forest, and the niche overlap was higher.