食物注意偏向及其训练的研究综述
The Review of Food-Related Attention Bias and Train
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2017.77119, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 1,839  浏览: 2,321 
作者: 李欣航：西南大学心理学部，重庆
关键词: 肥胖；注意偏向；注意偏向训练；Obesity； Attention Bias； Attention Bias Train
摘要: 近些年由于人们长期处于致胖环境当中，超重与肥胖成为全球化的健康问题，研究者们开始探究可能导致肥胖的因素并寻找能够解决这一健康问题的方法。已有研究指出，过度饮食及饮食不均衡是导致肥胖与超重的最直接因素，而认知加工过程特别是对食物线索的注意偏向可能是影响饮食行为的因素之一。本文首先综合了已有的包括对超重或肥胖人群、限制性饮食者以及饮食失调患者注意偏向的部分研究，探讨不同饮食行为与注意偏向之间的关系；其次，基于已有研究采用的注意偏向的研究方法不尽相同，而不同的研究方法得到的结果也存在差异，将部分较常见的研究方法整合并对比；最后，以往的研究发现可以通过改变个体的注意偏向的方式改善其饮食行为，本文将注意偏向训练的已有研究进行了汇总与比较。
Abstract: Nowadays, humans are confronted with the globalize issues concerning the obesity and over-weight, researchers have began to investigate the possible factors that may lead to obesity and seek ways to solve the health problems. Studies have shown that excessive dietary and dietary imbalance are the most direct cause of obesity and overweight, and cognitive processing, espe-cially the attention bias to the food cues may be one of the factors which influence the dietary behavior. This paper summarizes some of the existing studies on the attention bias of overweight or obese people, restrictive diets and dietary disorders and discusses the relationship between different dietary behaviors and attention bias. Secondly, the research methods of attention bias based on the existing research are different, and the results obtained by different research methods are also different, and some of the more common research methods are integrated and compared. Finally, previous studies have found that the dietary behavior can be improved by changing the attention bias of the individual. In this paper, the existing research of cognitive bias training has been summarized and compared.
文章引用：李欣航 (2017). 食物注意偏向及其训练的研究综述. 心理学进展, 7(7), 952-960. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2017.77119

参考文献

[1] Calitri, R. et al. (2010). Cognitive Biases to Healthy and Unhealthy Food Words Predict Change in BMI. Obesity, 18, 2282.
https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2010.78
[2] Castellanos, E. H. et al. (2009). Obese Adults Have Visual Attention Bias for Food Cue Images: Evidence for Altered Reward System Function. International Journal of Obesity, 33, 1063-1073.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.138
[3] Doolan, K. J. et al. (2015). Attentional Bias to Food-Related Visual Cues: Is There a Role in Obesity? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 74, 37-45.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966511400144X
[4] Forestell, C. A. et al. (2012). Attentional Biases to Foods: The Effects of Caloric Content and Cognitive Restraint. Appetite, 59, 748-754.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.07.006
[5] Gearhardt, A. N. et al. (2012). The Relationship between Eat-ing-Related Individual Differences and Visual Attention to Foods High in Added Fat and Sugar. Eating Behaviors, 13, 371-374.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.07.004
[6] Giel, K. E. et al. (2011). Attentional Processing of Food Pictures in Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa—An Eye-Tracking Study. Biological Psychiatry, 69, 661.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.09.047
[7] Graham, R. et al. (2011). Body Mass Index Moderates Gaze Orienting Biases and Pupil Diameter to High and Low Calorie Food Images. Appetite, 56, 577-586.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.01.029
[8] Havermans, R. C. (2013). Pavlovian Craving and Overeating: A Conditioned Incentivemodel. Current Obesity Reports, 2, 165-170.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-013-0053-z
[9] Hollitt, S. et al. (2010). Components of Attentional Bias for Food Cues among Restrained Eaters. Appetite, 54, 309-313.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2009.12.005
[10] Kakoschke, N. et al. (2014). Attentional Bias Modification Encourages Healthy Eating. Eating Behaviors, 15, 120-124.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.11.001
[11] Kemps, E. et al. (2014). Biased Attentional Processing of Food Cues and Modification in Obese Individuals. Health Psychology Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology American Psychological Association, 33, 1391-1401.
https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000069
[12] Loeber, S. et al. (2012). Impairment of Inhibitory Control in Response to Food-Associated Cues and Attentional Bias of Obese Participants and Normal-Weight Controls. International Journal of Obesity, 36, 1334.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.184
[13] Lowe, M. R., & Butryn, M. L. (2007). Hedonic Hunger: A New Dimension of Appetite? Physiology & Behavior, 91, 432.
[14] MacLeod, C., & Matthews, A. (2012). Cognitive Bias Modification Approaches to Anxiety. Annual Review Clinical Psychology, 8, 189-217.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143052
[15] Meule, A. et al. (2012). Restrained Eating Is Related to Accelerated Reaction to High Caloric Foods and Cardiac Autonomic Dysregulation. Appetite, 58, 638-644.
[16] Nathan, P. J. et al. (2012). The Effects of the Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonist GSK598809 on Attentional Bias to Palatable Food Cues in Overweight and Obese Subjects. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 15, 149-161.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145711001052
[17] Nijs, I. M. et al. (2010). Food-Related Stroop Interference in Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals: Behavioral and Electrophysiological Indices. Eating Behaviors, 11, 258.
[18] Nummenmaa, L. et al. (2011). Food Catches the Eye But Not for Everyone: A BMI-Contingent Attentional Bias in Rapid Detection of Nutriments. PLoS ONE, 6, e19215.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019215
[19] Polivy, J., Herman, C. P., & Coelho, J. S. (2008). Caloric Restriction in the Presence of Attractive Food Cues: External Cues, Eating, and Weight. Physiology and Behavior, 94, 729-733.
[20] Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (1993). The Neural Basis of Drug Craving: An Incentive-Sensitization Theory of Addiction. Brain Research Brain Research Reviews, 18, 247-291.
[21] Shafran, R. et al. (2007). Attentional Bias in Eating Disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40, 369-380.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20375
[22] Shafran, R. et al. (2008). Effect of Psychological Treatment on Attentional Bias in Eating Disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41, 348-354.
https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20500
[23] Smeets, E. et al. (2009). Experimentally Induced Chocolate Craving Leads to an Attentional Bias in Increased Distraction But Not in Speeded Detection. Appetite, 53, 370-375.
[24] Strack, F., & Deutsch, R. (2004). Reflective and Impulsive Determinants of Social Behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16, 220.
https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0803_1
[25] Veenstra, E. M., & de Jong, P. J. (2012). Attentional Bias in Restrictive Eating Disorders. Stronger Attentional Avoidance of High-Fat Food Compared to Healthy Controls? Appetite, 58, 133-140.
[26] Werthmann, J. et al. (2011). Can(not) Take My Eyes off It: Attention Bias for Food in Overweight Participants. Health Psychology Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology American Psychological Association, 30, 561-569.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024291
[27] WHO (2015). Obesity and Overweight. New York, NY: Springer.