虚拟现实环境中对昼夜交替线索的注意会如何影响时间估计

The Effect of Attention to Day Night Cues on Time Estimation in VR Environment

摘要: 在日常生活中，注意和昼夜更替等均会影响人们的时间知觉，但是，以往研究却无法控制昼夜更替这一变量探讨其对时间估计的影响，也鲜有人探讨虚拟现实中注意对时间估计的影响。故本研究将通过使用虚拟现实技术改变虚拟现实中的时间流逝速率(昼夜更替速率)这一自变量，探讨沉浸式虚拟现实环境中昼夜交替线索对时间估计的影响，并根据最后被试报告的注意情况分析其对时间估计的影响。结果显示，VR环境中昼夜变化速率慢(不发生变化)条件下，有注意和未注意到光线的被试的时间估计数据没有显著差异，t(54) = 2.027，p = 0.087。反之，VR环境中昼夜变化速率快(发生较明显变化)条件下，有注意和未注意到光线的被试的时间估计数据存在显著差异，t(54) = 2.080，p = 0.042。由此得出结论，1) 在虚拟现实中，将注意放在时间线索上也会对时间估计具有显著拉伸作用；2) 个体的时间估计既有意识层面的信息加工过程，也有无意识层面的信息加工。

Abstract: Attention and circadian replacement can affect the perception of time in our daily life. However, previous studies had not been able to control the circadian replacement variable to explore its impact on time estimation. Few people had discussed the influences of attention to time estima-tion in virtual reality. Therefore, the virtual reality technology was used to change the indepen-dent variable of time-lapseapse rate (day-night turnover rate) in this study to explore the impact of the circadian alternate cues on time estimation in the immersive virtual reality environment, and according to the final report “whether you notice the light changes” and analyze its impact on time estimation. The results showed that the rate of day and night changes was slow (no change) in the VR environment, there was no significant difference in the estimated time data of the subjects with and without notice of light, t (54) = 2.027, p =0.087. Conversely, in the VR environment where the rate of day-night change was fast (more obvious changes occur), there was a significant difference between the estimated time data of subjects with and without notice of light, t (54) = 2.080, p = 0.042. Therefore, there were two conclusions as flows: 1) In virtual reality, paying attention to time cues also had a significant stretching effect on time estimation; 2) Individual time interval estimation had both conscious and unconscious of information processing.