环境相关浓度的烟头(Cigarette Butt)对自然水体重金属含量的影响

Effects of Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Cigarette Butts on Heavy Metals Levels in Natural Water

摘要: 烟头作为一种环境污染物，随着社会发展和人口增加，加之对烟头的不合理处置，其进入环境特别是水体中的数量不断增加，造成了烟头污染广泛存在。烟头进入水环境中，其包含的上千种化合物和重金属等物质浸出到水体中，对水体质量和水生生物产生影响。当前烟头污染的研究大多集中在对急性毒理试验和无脊椎生物危害方面，但对环境水体内重金属含量的影响方面有待研究。实验选取了未受烟头污染的湖泊湖水进行实验，设置空白组(空白)、低烟组(0.04 CBs∙L⁻¹)、高烟组(0.08 CBs∙L⁻¹)三个实验环境进行141天的控制实验，以探究不同浓度烟头是否会对自然水体内重金属含量产生影响。结果表明：使用ICP-MS (电感耦合等离子体–质谱仪)共检测并保留了Cu、Cr等10种金属元素结果。即使是在高烟处理(0.08 CBs·L^-1)下，水体中烟头浸出的重金属浓度仍然低于水体重金属危害标准，该浓度未达到现实水体重金属污染的程度。6种金属元素(Cd、Pb、Co、Mo、As、Ni)浓度平均值低于1 μg/L，4种金属元素(Cu、Cr、Ba、Sr)浓度平均值高于1 μg/L。根据单因素方差分析(ANOVA)结果，Cd、Co、Cu三种元素浓度对于烟头浓度的响应差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。

Abstract: Cigarette butts as an environmental pollutant, with the development of society and the increase in population, coupled with the unreasonable disposal of cigarette butts, the number of cigarette butts entering the environment, especially water bodies, has been increasing, resulting in widespread cigarette butts pollution. When cigarette butts enter the water environment, thousands of compounds and heavy metals contained in them leach into the water body, affecting the quality of the water body and aquatic organisms. At present, most of the studies on cigarette butt pollution focus on acute toxicological tests and invertebrate biohazards, but the effects on heavy metal content in environmental water remain to be studied. Lake water not polluted by cigarette butts was selected for the experiment, and three experimental environments were set up: blank group (no-cigarette), low smoke (0.04 CBs∙L⁻¹), and high smoke (0.08 CBs∙L⁻¹) for 141 days of a control experiment to explore whether different concentrations of cigarette butts would affect the heavy metal content in natural water. The results showed that 10 kinds of statistically significant metal elements such as Cu and Cr were detected and retained by ICP-MS (Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer). Even under high smoke treatment (0.08 CBs∙L⁻¹), the concentration of heavy metals leached from cigarette butts in the water body was still lower than the hazard standard of heavy metals in the water body, and the concentration did not reach the actual level of heavy metal pollution in the water body. The average concentration of 6 metal elements (Cd, Pb, Co, Mo, As, Ni) was lower than 1 μg/L, and the average concentration of 4 metal elements (Cu, Cr, Ba, Sr) was higher than 1 μg/L. According to the results of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), there were significant differences in the response of Cd, Co and Cu to the concentration of cigarette butts (p < 0.05).