摘要:
本文首次对半夏的花粉活性和柱头可授性进行了研究，以期为半夏的有性繁殖和育种研究提供科学依据。在3种测定半夏花粉活力的方法中，TTC染色法的染色效果不理想；MTT染色法最优，使花粉出现紫色、淡红色、无色三种颜色反应，利于观察，其染色率为86.59%；次甲基蓝染色法的染色效果次之，但染色率略高于TTC染色法，为89.62%；半夏雌花在一天中的开放时间略早于雄花，其花粉活力与柱头可授性相遇时间为48~72 h；散粉集中于开花第3、4天，此时花粉数较多，花粉活力维持在85.15%~94.11%；而于开花前一天、开花当天和开花第2天的柱头活性较强；人工控制授粉可提高半夏的结实率和种子数量。
Abstract: This paper studied on the pollen viability and stigma receptivity of Pinellia ternate for the first time, as to provide a scientific basis for sexual reproduction and breeding of new varieties. In the three determination methods of P. ternata pollen activity, the staining effect of TTC was not ideal. The staining effect of MTT was best, which was beneficial to identify pollen viability, because it made pollen come out three kinds of color reaction of purple, faint red and colorless. Its dyeing rate was 86.59%. The staining effect of methylene blue was better, but the dyeing rate was higher than MTT, which was 89.62%. The opening time of P. ternata’s female flower was slightly earlier than male flower in a day. There were 48 - 72 h to make an appointment between pollen and stigma receptivity. Pollen scattering was concentrated on the third and fourth days of flower opening. During this period of time, the number of pollen was larger and the pollen activity was kept between 85.15% - 94.11%. The stigma receptivity was high during the former day, the very day and the second day of blooming. Artificially control pollination could improve the seeds setting percentage and seed number of P. ternata.