离子液体的电磁特性研究

Research on Conductivity and Magnetism Properties of Ionic Liquid

摘要: 离子液体的性质可以通过阴阳离子的配伍进行调节，因此可运用于众多领域，而高电导和强磁性是离子液体运用于电磁防护、隐身等领域的关键要素。本文综述了离子液体的电导性质和磁性方面研究的最新进展，特别是离子液体在高电导率和强磁性方面的研究。在离子液体电导性质研究方面，可以通过调变阴阳离子组合，设计出各种新型的高电导离子液体体系，包括氯铝酸盐类离子液体、大环多铵阳离子磷酸盐离子液体、含氟离子液体、烷基咪唑鎓氢氟酸盐类离子液体，此外离子液体添加到凝胶或聚合物电介质中形成离子液体凝胶也具有较高的电导率。在离子液体磁性研究方面，由于离子液体的磁性主要来源于阴离子组成，其磁化率和磁矩等磁学性能与所含金属的性能密切相关，选择性报道了几种以铁、钴、锰为中心的金属氯配阴离子和以稀土为阴离子中心的强磁性离子液体。除此之外，介绍了几种基于离子液体结构的磁流体。 The unique properties of ionic liquid (IL) have attracted increasing interest due to their potential applications in various areas. The high conductivity and strong magnetism are the critical issues to the microwave protection and stealthy technology application of IL, so the recent progress of high conductive IL and strong magnetic ILs was reviewed and discussed in this paper. High conductive ILs were obtained by modulating the combinations of cation and anion. Chloroaluminate ILs, polyammonium phosphate ILs, alkyl imidazolium hydrofluoric acid ILs were introduced as high conductive ILs. In addition, ionic liquid gel was formed by adding IL into gel or polymer electrolyte, which also has high conductivity. On the other hand, the magnetism of IL mainly came from the anion, thus the magnetic susceptibility was close related to the properties of metal contained in the IL. Two kinds of ILs with strong magnetic susceptibility were reviewed, one was the IL with magnetic metal anion and the other was the IL with lanthanide centered anion. A series of magnetic fluids-based IL was also introduced in this paper.