金属价电子具有可移动性但不是自由电子

Valence Electrons of Metals Moveable but Free

摘要: 本文分析金属自由电子论的瑕疵，认为自由电子论与诸多物理学基本规律相违背，其科学合理性值得商榷。论文深入研究金属电功率，发现电子在金属中运动的阻力和能耗的一般规律，并建立电子运动阻力方程与功耗方程。论文提出并论证“金属价电子具有可移动性，不是高速无规则运动的自由电子”的原创性认识，还进一步论证了“电子在金属中运动严格遵循牛顿定律”的观点。本文的创新认识，具有特别重要的意义：拓展了经典力学规律在微观领域的应用，动摇了金属自由电子论，以及建筑在自由电子论基础上的一系列理论的基石，促进学界对相关理论的重新认识，将催生一系列原创性的新理论。

Abstract: After analyzing the flaws of the free electron theory of metals, it is considered that the theory transgresses against some basic laws of physics and that its scientific rationality is worth to be discussed further. By re-studying electric power, the laws of resistance force and power dissipation of electron motioning in metals are revealed and their equations are established respectively. Based on the new equations, an original viewpoint that metallic valence electrons are moveable but motioning randomly at high speeds is proposed and proved. Furthermore, the viewpoint that electrons’ motion in metals follows the Newton laws strictly is demonstrated. The new cognitions show particularly important significances. They will greatly extend the application of the classical mechanics laws in the microscopic field, destabi-lize the foundation of the free electron theory and a series of the theories which are on the basis of the free electron the-ory and produce a series of original theories.