摘要:
目的：探讨团体心理干预对女性独居老人生存质量的影响，并分析其原因。方法：从上海市某街道五个社区采用目的性抽样，选取31位女性独居老人进行团体心理干预。结果：干预前后被试的总体健康、生理功能、精力和精神健康都有了显著提高。被试对干预的评分为全满分。访谈结果显示干预有效的原因在于其过程能带来积极情绪、扩大社会支持系统和满足被爱的需要，而课程本身能帮助老人整合人生。讨论：在过程上满足老人归属与爱的需要，并在课程上帮助老人整合人生的团体心理干预形式能有效的提高女性独居老人的生存质量。
Objectives: To explore the effect of group
mental treatment on life quality of female elders living alone, as well as to
analyze the efficacious factors. Methods: Thirty-one female elders living alone
from five communities were selected to participate in a group mental treatment,
which had 10 sessions, and each session lasted for an hour every two weeks.
Treatment took place in fixed place and time. Before and after treatment, the
MOS item short from health survey (SF-36) was taken to evaluate the change of
life quality. Feedbacks and interviews were also taken to gather the subjective
evaluation about the effectiveness of treatment as well as efficacious reasons.
Results: After treatment, except the bodily pain (t = 1.124, p = 0.270), the
general health, physical function, vitality and mental health has increased
significantly (t = 4.790, p < 0.001; t = 5.869, p < 0.001; t = 6.502, p <
0.001; t = 9.301, p < 0.001), indicating the effectiveness of treatment. All
participants rated a highest score for treatment, and the rate of very
satisfactory reached 100%. Interviews results showed that the reasons of
efficacy were: the process of treatment brought positive emotions, enlarged
social support system and met the need of being loved; while the treatment
itself helped them to synthesize life. Conclusions: Group mental treatment that
focused on meeting the need of belonging and love, as well as synthesizing life
could improve life quality of female elders living alone effectively.