摘要:
自从1986年发现高温超导体以来，令人兴奋也存在困惑，过去非常成功的超导理论却不能全面解释相图。为探索解释相图，从超导态零电阻特性入手，以超导电子配对机制为线索，抓住零电阻状态必定存在没有电场的通路，也就是在通路内电场强度处处为零；根据光电效应或者量子隧穿现象，当电子逸出后必定留下空穴，并且这些空穴一定在每一个原子核周围形成空穴电场，因而使每一个原子核周围可以出现合电场强度等于零的空间区域。应用静电场高斯定理，求出了核外合电场强度，找到了合电场强度等于零的条件。当相邻原子之间合电场强度等于零的球面相切或相交时，便形成了整块材料内零场强的通路，出现超导态零电阻特性。依据零场强通路的条件解释了令人困惑的p型和n型材料高温超导相图及多超导态。以核外电子在合电场中受力，建立了合力运动方程，求出了能量解，当空穴数量满足解中电子的电位能大于零时，电子具有正能级，而非负能级，电子从正能级激发到零能级便产生了赝能隙。根据超导电子配对机制和零场强通路的条件，提出了室温超导材料的研制方向。
Abstract:
Since the high-temperature superconductivity had been discovered in 1986, people are being excited, but they are being bemused, because the successful theory of superconductivity in the past could not fully explain the superconductivity phase diagrams. Therefore, revealing the physical mechanism and developing room temperature superconducting materials have become an important orientation of scientists. In order to explore the interpretation of phase diagram, it is to begin from the zero-resistance of the superconducting state, to hold this main point that the appearing zero-resistance necessarily exists in a thoroughfare of no electrostatic field, or electrostatic field intensity everywhere equals zero in the thoroughfare; according to photoelectric effect or quantum tunneling, after any electron being emitted, a hole carrier is left necessarily, and it generates electrostatic field of the hole carrier around every atomic nucleus, thus a spherical surface that vector sum of electrostatic field intensity equals zero can appear around every atomic nucleus. To apply the Gauss theorem of electrostatic field, the expression of vector sum of electrostatic field intensity and vector sum to zero equaling qualifications have been derived. When the spherical surfaces of adjacent atoms with zero sum-vector are tangent or intersecting, no electrostatic field thoroughfare is formed within the whole piece of material, and the zero-resistance characteristics of the superconducting state are showed. Qualifications of the no electrostatic field, thoroughfare can explain the bemusement about the high-temperature phase diagram and the multi-superconducting state of the p-type and n-type materials. According to the force for a electron in the sum of electrostatic field, the motion equations of the composite force is established, then the energy solution is found. When hole carrier number is satisfied to that the electronic potential energy is bigger than zero in the solution, the electron has a positive energy level, but has not a normal minus energy level. When the electron has been moved from the positive energy level to the zero energy level, the pseudogap has been generated. According to qualifications of the no electrostatic field thoroughfare, a way to explore the room-temperature superconducting materials has been proposed.