摘要:
探究不同地区奶源病原菌群落多样性特征是搞清发病诱因和有效防控奶牛乳房炎的前提条件。利用Excel统计分析传统培养和常规鉴定获得的病原菌群落种群/类群数及其多样性。结果显示：北京、沈阳、石河子、渭南、徐州、上海病原菌群落种群/类群数S值为9、4、12、5、7、14。总计21个种群/类群中，3个为六地区共享、10个为二至五个地区共享、8个为某个地区独有。8个独有群中北京、石河子、徐州、上海分别占1、3、1、3个。不同地区病原菌群落多样性指数差异大，与种群/类群数S值有关。Shannon-Wiener丰富度指数(0.29~0.75)和Simpson优势度指数(0.65~0.91)随着S值变化分别有相反和相同的变化趋势，Pielou均匀度指数(1.10~1.50)随S值变化无明显规律。不同地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌群落多样性影响因素可能是多重的。建议统一研究尺度，搞清驱动奶牛乳房炎病原菌群落多样性的关键因素(气候与季节、畜群与个体、圈舍条件与卫生措施)。
Abstract: It is a prerequisite for clarifying etiological factors and preventing and controlling bovine mastitis effectively to explore diversity of pathogenic microbiomes in mastitis-affected cow milk from dif-ferent regions. The number of populations/taxonomic groups and diversity of the pathogenic mi-crobimes, gained by traditional culture and conventional identification methods, were statistically analyzed using Excel software. The results showed that S-values for populations/taxonomic groups of the pathogenic microbimes from Beijing, Shenyang, Shihezi, Weinan, Xuzhou, Shanghai were 9, 4, 12, 5, 7, 14, respectively. Among total 21 populations/taxonomic groups, 3 ones shared by six regions, 10 ones shared by two-five regions. The rest 8 populations/taxonomic groups were endemism. 1, 3, 1, 3 ones was/were unique to Beijing, Shihezi, Xuzhou, Shanghai, respectively. The diversity of pathogenic microbiomes from different regions differed greatly, associated with the number of populations/groups (i.e. S-values). With the increase of S-values for populations/ taxonomic groups, Shannon-Wiener richness index (0.29 - 0.75) and Simpson dominance index (0.65 - 0.91) showed the reverse and same trend, respectively, while Pielou evenness index (1.10 - 1.50) had no significant regularity. The regional differences in diversity of pathogenic microbimes of bovine mastitis were caused by many possible factors. It is suggested that the influence of climate and seasonal variations, herd and individual differences, different management regimes (e.g. housing and hygienic measures) on the diversity of pathogenic microbimes should be in-depth study at the unified research scale in future.