基于高频算法的舰船电磁环境研究

Research on the electromagnetic environment of ships based on the high frequency algorithm

摘要: 现代化舰船上装备有大量的电子系统和设备，研究舰船电磁环境对舰船电磁兼容性及其防御力的提高具有重要意义。首先用简单模型验证物理绕射理论（PTD）在计算目标的散射场时能够计算目标阴影区及边缘绕射场。进而采用物理光学法（PO）与PTD相结合的方法计算舰船周围电场强度，并结合美军标MIL-STD-461C，针对电磁辐射对舰船的危害进行初步预估，得出电磁辐射对舰船的危害区域以及对人员的危害区域，且舰船上层建筑所受电磁辐射危害较大。结合几何绕射理论（GTD）， 计算出从源点到达桅杆处观察点的射线路径，得到引起舰船上层建筑电磁辐射危害较大的原因是电磁波从源点辐射到舰船结构时，在舰船表面发生了多次反射及绕射。结合3种算法研究舰船电磁环境，对于研究舰船电磁兼容具有重要的参考价值。

Abstract: Research on the electromagnetic environment on ships that are mounted with many electric systems and equipment are of vital importance on improving the electromagnetic compatibility and protection capability. First， the physical theory of diffraction（PTD） algorithm is verified with simplified models, which can be used to calculate the target shaded area and edge diffraction field when calculating the scattered field. Then， the physical optics（PO） and PTD are combined to calculate the field around the ship illuminated by electromagnetic waves. Next， the results are compared to the MIL-STD-461C standard, and the hazard areas of the ship are estimated, revealing that the superstructure is the major hazard area. Finally, the ray tracing from the source to the view point beside the mast is obtained with the method of geometrical theory of diffraction(GTD)， which successfully explains the potential threat of superstructures: the electromagnetic wave that impinges on the structure of the ship will be repeatedly reflected. In brief, the combination of a variety of algorithms for the studying of the ship electromagnetic compatibility has a great significance.