摘要:
单域抗体(single-domain antibody, sdAbs)是近年来利用基因工程技术从骆驼科动物和软骨鱼血清中克隆得到的只保留重链可变区的具有抗原结合活性的新型抗体，具有分子量小、特异性高、亲和性好、稳定性高、组织穿透力强、免疫原性低和制备成本低等优点，在诊断、治疗和检测等领域已取得一定成果并获得广泛关注。本文综述了单域抗体的发展历程、结构特征、表达纯化、理化性质及应用方向，特别是对进化上更早出现、抗原结合性能更加多样的鲨鱼sdAbs进行了详尽分析，并对其发展前景和可能面临的问题作了展望。
Abstract:
Single-domain antibody (sdAb) represents a new generation of engineered antibody fragment consisted of a single monomeric variable antibody domain, which is derived from camelid heavy- chain antibodies (HcAbs) or cartilaginous immunoglobin new antigen receptor (IgNAR). These novel antibodies are able to bind selectively to a specific antigen. Due to the advantageous features of sdAbs over conventional antibodies and their derivatives, such as smaller size, high affinity, high stability, high permeability in tissues, low immunogenicity and simple, cost-effective production, etc., sdAbs allow a broad range of applications in biotechnical and therapeutic use. This review provides a detailed overview of the developmental history, structural characteristics, expression and purification, properties and potential applications of the sdAbs. Some exciting thoughts and results of the shark sdAb are especially discussed. The risk assessment and problems with respect to future application of sdAbs have also been highlighted.