昆明市主城区城市森林建设定量评价

The Quantitative Evaluation of Urban Forest Construction in Kunming City

摘要: 以2003，2005，2009年3景TM数据和2013，2014年2景Landsat 8遥感影像为数据源，以昆明市主城区为研究对象，利用可见光波段提取归一化植被指数，像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度，根据“国家森林城市”评价指标定量分析昆明市主城区森林覆盖情况，并统计城市森林覆盖率、道路铁路绿化率、湖泊和河流水岸绿化率三项主要指标，分析昆明市主城区森林城市建设情况。结果表明：5景植被覆盖度分布图均显示昆明市主城区西山区和官渡区有林地覆盖区域植被覆盖等级相对较高，五华区和盘龙区植被覆盖等级较低。城市用地植被覆盖等级较低，草地、林地等植被覆盖等级较高。道路、铁路、湖泊、河流等指标基本达到“国家森林城市”评价指标的标准。由于近几年昆明市城乡建设中，大量土地需求导致部分草地、农田转变为城市用地，工业用地等，使得城市森林指标覆盖指标逐渐降低，到2014年达到了标准边缘。

Abstract: Based on three different phases of TM image acquired in 2003, 2005, 2009 and two different phases of Landsat 8 image acquired in 2013, 2014 in this paper, this paper takes Kunming urban area as the research object to extract the normalized difference vegetation index by visible light and to estimate vegetation coverage by the dimidiate pixel model. Following the “National Forest City”, three main indexes of urban forest coverage, roads and railways coverage, water and lakes bank coverage are statistics to analyze evaluation index of Kunming urban area and to analyze the forest city construction situation. The results show: First, five phases vegetation coverage map shows that the level of vegetation coverage in Xishan and Guandu forestland coverage area is relatively high, while the level of vegetation coverage is low in Wuhua and Panlong; Second, urban land vegetation coverage level is low, but grassland and forest vegetation coverage level is higher; Last, the indicators of the roads, railways, lakes and rivers reached the standard of “National Forest City” evaluation index. This is due to the fact that a large number of land demands in the urban construction result in part of the grassland and farmland transforming into urban land and indus-trial land in recent years. So this study shows that the urban forest coverage indicators gradually reduce and reach the standard by 2014.