生物移动床优势菌株筛选及其脱氮性能研究

Advantage Strains Screening from a Biological Moving Bed and the Nitrifying Characteristics

摘要: 生物移动床工艺也称移动床生物膜反应器(Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor，简称MBBR)，是目前国际上开始兴起的新型废(污)水生化处理技术，与普通的生物膜法和活性污泥法相比，对污水中污染物有更高的去除率。本文从稳定运行的生物移动床填料的生物膜中，成功分离出3株长势良好的细菌，分别命名为ZS-1、ZS-2和ZS-3；在实验室条件下，研究了菌株对模拟农村生活污水中污染物的去除作用，当温度为30℃，碳源为无水乙酸钠，pH 6.5~6.8，C/N为9时，反应24 h对NH⁺₄-N、COD和TP的去除率分别大于90%、75%和65%。在温度条件实验中发现，3个菌株在低温(10℃)条件下均具有较好的脱氮效果，对NH⁺₄-N去除率均大于60%。研究结果提示可以利用耐低温高效脱氮除碳微生物强化生物移动床，处理北方寒冷地区的生活污水。

Abstract: Biological moving bed process, also known as moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), is the beginning of new waste water biochemical treatment technology. Compared with common biofilm method and activated sludge process, MBBR has a higher removal rate of pollutants in wastewater. To un-derstand biological ammonia-N removal mechanism of MBBR, the study adopted limiting dilution and streak plate method screening three strains from the biofilm of MBBR, namely ZS-1, ZS-2 and ZS-3. Under the laboratory conditions, through the single factor experiment to determine optimum conditions for the three strains of simulated sewage treatment, the temperature is 30˚C, carbon source is anhydrous sodium acetate, pH is 6.5 - 6.8, and C/N is 9, After 24 h,   removal rate reaches 95%, COD removal rate can reach 85%, and TP removal rate reaches more than 65%. In addition, in the experiment of temperature optimization, the three strains have good ammonia-N removal effect at low temperature (10˚C). NH⁺₄-N removal rate of ZS1 and ZS3 was more than 60%, and NH⁺₄-N removal rate of ZS2 was 74.71%. The results showed that the low temperature resistant bacteria would enhance ammonia-N removal effect in MBBR, and adapt to treat domestic sewage of the winter cold climate of North China, Northeast China and Northwest China.