当代思想对启蒙思想的两种批判

The Critic of the Enlightenment in the Contemporary Thought

摘要: 后现代主义和古典主义虽然立场迥异，但都从不同角度对启蒙思想进行了严厉的批判。在后现代主义哲学看来，启蒙思想所诉诸的理性、自由、民主等价值，并不是永恒的理念，而只是历史的产物。而在列奥•斯特劳斯(Leo Strauss)等人为代表的古典主义看来，启蒙思想的错误源于对于“自然”概念的误读。两种思想主张对启蒙思想的批判，最终可以归结为对于“自然”概念的不同理解。

Abstract: The difference between the Postmodernism and Classism is apparent, however, both of them criticize the Enlightenment ideas from different perspectives. For the Postmodern Philosophy, the principle ideas that praise highly in the Enlightenment like reason, liberty and democracy are historical outcomes instead of eternal values. From Leo Strauss and other Classism thinkers’ point of view, the Enlightenment’s mistake is caused by the misinterpretation of the concept of “nature”.