动词性“自V”是主谓式还是动宾式？—词语模“自V”的语法语义和演变

Is Verbal “Zi V” Subject-Predicate or Verb-Subject?—The Formation and Evolution of Vocabulary Meme “Zi V”

摘要: 动词性“自V”是主谓式还是动宾式？我们发现，上古形成了动宾式词语模“自V”，包括“客事 + 动作”和“受事 + 动作”两种语义，也有边缘结构状中式。后来，由词语模“自V”类推产生新的动词性“自V”基本遵循这一结构语义特点，动词性“自V”中并无主谓式。词语模“自V”中的“V”从语法上看，多数基本用法是动词性的；从语义上看，主要有表“心理活动”、“社交活动”、“生活工作”、“判断”、“争斗”、“管理活动”、“司法活动”的7类。在历时演变中状中式“自V”中“自”不只有“亲自”义，其泛化出“自己/独自”义。词语模“自V”中“自”有类词缀化倾向。

Abstract: This paper analyses the structural and semantic features of verbal “Zi V”, about which no final conclusion has yet been reached. Verb-subject vocabulary meme “Zi V” was formed in the ancient time. During this time, it has two kinds of semantic patterns, they are “patient + action” pattern and “guest + action” pattern, the peripheral adverbial-kernel pattern is also reflected in the vocabulary meme “Zi V”. Following this structural and semantic feature, new verbal “Zi V” was generated from analogizing vocabulary meme “Zi V”. There is no subject-predicate form in verbal “Zi V”. Form the point of syntax, most basic usage is verbal about V in the vocabulary meme “Zi V”. From the semantic point of view, there are mainly 7 classes, for example, “psychological activities” “social activities” “life” “judgment” “fight” “management” “justice”. “Zi” in the adverbial-kernal verbal “Zi V” has the phenomenon of semantic generalization, it has the meaning of “by oneself” “oneself” “alone”. “Zi” in the vocabulary meme “Zi V” has the tendency to be an affix.