昆明市年降水量时空分布特征

Time-Space Distribution Features of Annual Precipitation in Kunming

摘要: 本文通过对昆明市年降水量的地区分布、垂直变化以及年内、年际、丰枯变化、多年变化趋势的分析，采用数理统计方法，并结合克里金空间插值方法(计算模型)勾绘了多年平均降水量等值线图，揭示了昆明市年降水量时空变化特征。研究结果表明，昆明地区年降水量时空分布不均，空间分布上具有明显的地带性，表现为山区多于坝区，坝区多于河谷和湖滨地带，年降水量与高程的变化呈线性关系的特点；时间分布上年内变化具有干湿季节明显，季节分配不均，雨量集中程度高，干湿起止时间基本一致的特点，多年降水量呈现减少的趋势，但其减少的显著性不明显，同时丰水年与枯水年交替出现，具有明显的周期性等特征，该成果是昆明市水资源研究和综合规划的基础，可为研究昆明市水资源变化规律、开发利用、防汛抗旱减灾提供参考。

Abstract: The paper reveals the law of space-time characteristic of precipitation in Kunming by analyzing the re-gional distribution, vertical variation, variation tendency, contours of multi-year average and so on. It indicates that the space-time distribution of precipitation of Kunming is uneven. In space, the precipita-tion has linear relation with elevation and decreases along with elevation decreasing. In time, the preci-pitation distribution is uneven in different seasons and concentrating; meanwhile, the annual precipita-tion has a non-significant decreasing tendency. The results and conclusions can provide reference and technical support for water resources planning and development as well as flood prevent and control.