延展认知的视角：STROOP变式任务中互联网使用频度与问题解决策略的差异

The Difference in Problem Solving Strategy and Internet Use Frequency: A Modified STROOP Task Approach under the Extended Cognition Perspective

摘要: 互联网因其所具备的海量信息和便捷搜索功能，对人们认知策略的形成产生影响，同时其又在认知系统中扮演外部交互记忆的角色。本研究选取互联网使用频度不同的两组在校大学生为被试，在回答不同的问题后，被试会进行一个便是STROOP任务，结果发现，面对容易问题时，两组被试都采用内部记忆知识立刻解决问题。在面对困难问题时，互联网高频使用组的解决策略为求助互联网，而互联网低频使用组的解决策略为求助教师和书本。该结论为延展认知观点提供了实证研究佐证。

Abstract: Internet is influencing the way to form cognition strategy of people due to its mass information and the convenience to use search engine; also it is playing a role as external transactive memory in the cognition system. The aim of this study is to differentiate the strategies based on internal memory and external transactive memory when people are facing problems in different difficulty levels, by using a Modified Stroop Task under the Extended Cognition prospective. Two groups of college students with high and low Internet use frequency participated in the experiments. They answered 2 groups of questions among which one group was easy to answer while the other one was rather hard. After answering each group of questions, the participants completed the modified Stroop task. The results show that when facing easy questions, all participants would use their internal knowledge to answer; when being asked to answer difficult questions, the participants who use the Internet frequently will be primed to think about computer related tools, while the participants who use the Internet on a low frequency will still be keen to turn to tutors and books for help. The finding of this study has also contributed experimental evidence to Extended Cognition.