中国城镇化与城市空气污染防治

The Urbanization in China and the Air Pollution Prevention in Cities

摘要: 中国城市起源于新石器时代，到农业文明时期关于城市选址的风水理论已经相当成熟，发展于农业文明时期的城市要求相对封闭的外部环境形势，这有利于避开寒冷的偏北风。新中国成立以后，随着工业化在城市中的发展，城市功能增加，城市规模扩大，城市中空气污染物的排放量增大，相对封闭的环境形势有不利于污染物扩散，造成空气污染的加重和雾霾的产生，进而危害人类健康。可见，农业文明时期关于城市选址要求相对封闭的外部环境形势已成为城市空气污染物扩散的不利因素，不适应工业化以后城镇化发展的现实。本文分析了中国城市污染的现状及原因，并针对当前中国城镇化的发展提出了城市空气污染防治对策。

Abstract: The oldest cities of China were built in Neolithic Period, and during agricultural civilization period the geomancy theory of site choice of city construction had been developed to its mature stage. Cities that developed during agricultural civilization period required relative closed topography. This kind of topography is in favor of keeping out the cold north wind. But after the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, with the development of industrialization, the augment of city’s function, and the enlargement of city’s dimension, the emissions of air pollutant increase, together with the relative closed topography that goes against pollutant diffusion. It makes the air pollution become more and more serious, and the haze often envelops the cities, which is harmful to human health. It is evident the closed topography is a trap for air pollutant, and that is not fit for today’s urbanization. This paper analyzed the air pollution situation and causes in cities of China; some measurements for prevent air pollution in the course of urbanization were put forward.