摘要:
抑郁症是一种精神疾病，伴随着心境持久低落，认知损伤和行为改变。单胺神经递质再摄取抑制剂是临床主流抗抑郁药，但有起效慢、治疗抵抗等局限性。随着抑郁症发病机制研究的不断深入，抗抑郁药物种类层出不穷，其中调节单胺受体(5-羟色胺、多巴胺及肾上腺素受体等)和谷氨酸受体(NMDA、AMPA及代谢型谷氨酸受体)、抑制谷氨酸释放的药物，因具有快速起效等优势而逐渐成为抗抑郁药研发的关注热点。本文主要对近年来已上市和正在临床研究的靶向单胺受体和谷氨酸系统的抗抑郁药进行综述，从而为新型抗抑郁药物的研发方向提供借鉴。
Abstract:
Depression is a kind of psychiatric disorders and is characterized by persistent low mood, cognitive impairment and behavioral change. Monoamine neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors are the most common used antidepressants in clinic, but it needs weeks to work and depressed patients may show resistance to the treatment. With the research on the pathogenesis of depression progressing, species of antidepressants have emerged. Agents regulating monoamine (serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline, etc.) receptors and glutamate receptors including NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor and metabotropic glutamate receptor and agents that inhibit glutamate release gradually become antidepressant research hotspots with the advantage of rapid-onset. Here, antidepressants targeting monoamine receptors and glutamate system in the market and on clinical trial are reviewed, thus providing guidance for the developing trends of new type antidepressants.