论厂商在货品与要素市场均衡的对称性

The Symmetry of a Firm’s Equilibrium in the Markets for Product and Factors of Production: A Geometric Exposition

摘要: 本文旨在强调诸经济力量之相互相关性和统一性，利用几何图形分析得出，无论在货品与要素市场为完全竞争还是不完全竞争情况下，厂商在货品与要素市场短期均衡均具有对称性；本文套用成长理论的人均资本概念，沿用四象限图形分析厂商在货品与要素市场长期均衡的对称性；并试图讨论厂商发生技术进步时，对最适人均资本量与人均产出量的影响。基于生产过程中厂商在货品与要素市场的双重角色，本文利用几何图形可清楚解说厂商在长短期最适生产决策，同时达成利润最大化与成本最小化的目标，虽图形稍嫌复杂，但创意解说可补教科书之不足，颇富教学意义。

Abstract: This paper focuses on the unity and interdependence of the various economic forces. I apply geo-metric approach to analyze the symmetry of a firm’s short run equilibrium in product and factor markets and obtain that it has symmetry no matter if the market for product and factors of pro-duction is in perfect or imperfect competition. Base on the per capita capital concept in the growth theory, this paper attempts to apply the 4-quadrant diagram to expound the symmetry of a firm’s long run equilibrium in both product and factor markets. I further discuss the impact of a firm’s technical progress on the optimal per capita capital and per capita output. In order to exploit the dual role of the firm in the product and factor markets of the production process, the geometric figures help to analyze the firm’s optimal production decision in the short and long run equilibrium to achieve profit maximization and cost minimization. It seems that the geometric exposition is quite complicated. Undoubtedly, the above creative and innovative description is a very interesting supplementary reference to the general textbooks in the related field.