雾霾治理中加速更新老旧机动车政策法律问题研究

Legal Research on Accelerating the Renewal of the Old Motor Vehicle Policy in Haze Governance

摘要: 近年来雾霾天气问题愈发猛烈，经济发展和人民身体健康都造成了严重的损害。机动车排放污染作为造成雾霾天气的主要因素之一，一直是雾霾治理工作的重点。同等行使里程条件下，一辆国I标准汽油小客车的排放相当于六辆以上国V标准小客车。因此，雾霾治理的一项重要举措就是加速更新老旧机动车。通过分析机动车污染排放数据，本文以北京市为例剖析了与更新老旧机动车政策有关的法律问题。发现现在实施的补贴和限行措施都存在着一定的问题。通过进一步对美国加州雾霾治理的成熟经验进行研究；笔者为构建我国更新老旧机动车政策长效实施机制，提出推动机动车污染防治专门立法和引入排污权交易两个层面的建议。

Abstract: In recent years, the haze weather problems have caused serious damage to economic development and people’s health. As one of the main factors causing haze weather, the motor vehicle emission pollution has always been the focus of the haze governance. Under the same exercise mileage, the emission of one national I standard petrolic car is equivalent to six national V standard petrolic cars. Therefore, an important measure of governance haze is to accelerate the update of the old motor vehicle. This paper takes Beijing as an example to analyze the legal issues related to the renewal of the old motor vehicle policy by the analysis of motor vehicle pollution emission data. It is found that there are some problems in the subsidy and the limit line. Through further research on the mature experience of the United States California haze governance, the author puts forward two proposals for constructing the long term implementation mechanism of China’s renewal of old motor vehicles policy. One is to promote the legislation of Motor vehicle pollution prevention and control; the other is to introduce the emission trading.