重审后又上诉原二审合议庭人员回避问题研究—对民诉解释中关于重审后又上诉原合议庭人员不必回避的质疑

Avoidance Study of the Original Second Trial Panel—Doubts about the Judicial Interpretation Provision That the Original Second Trial Panel Shall Not Avoid

摘要: 最高人民法院民事诉讼法司法解释中，第四十五条第二款规定了发回重审后又进入二审程序的，原合议庭组成人员不受回避的限制。该规定从立法现状和回避制度理论来看于合法性和合理性上都存在缺失。现实中，当事人的正当权益可能因此受损，在实务中也将引发重审合议庭独立性受影响、当事人利用制度漏洞的危害。通过试图探究该规定的立法原因，得出结论认为这与对重审后又上诉原二审合议庭人员不回避将影响审判中立的认识具有密切联系，也与二审法院改革二审审判组织方式息息相关。当前应通过适当形式完善法律规定，将回避制度正确贯彻，并注意二审相关配套制度的改革与防范。

Abstract: In the Judicial Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law of the Supreme People’s Court, article 45 (2) stipulates that the members of the original second trial collegial panel shall not be restricted from the avoidance when they return to retrial and then once again enter a second trial. Such stipulation lacks grounds in legality and also rationality. In reality, legitimate rights and interests of a party could suffer damage, also it is uncovered that dependence of retrial panel may be affected and the other party could exploit this system leak. By trying to explore the legislative background of this provision, it can be found that this is closely related to the understanding of effect to the neutrality of the panel of second trial and is also closely related to our trial organization. At present, the legal provisions should be improved through appropriate forms, the avoidance system should be properly implemented, and the reform and prevention of the related supporting systems of the second instance should be noted.