强迫症的认知表达与归纳推理的领域特殊性

Cognitive Expression of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Domain-Specificity of Induction

摘要: 文章综述了有关强迫症(Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, OCD)的病理生理学和认知心理学的研究进展，提出从领域特殊性的角度来理解强迫症的病理机制。通过引证归纳的领域特殊性研究，分析了强迫症认知偏差的领域特殊性特征，并提出假设：强迫症患者的认知偏差可能有两种类型，第一类认知偏差是对任务效价评估的程度误差；第二类认知偏差是对任务类别判断的错误。本研究聚焦于第二类认知偏差的论证。本文最后提出了关于强迫症的第二类认知偏差的实验研究假设：与健康对照相比，1) 强迫症患者在“获利”情景中的信号检查指标：报告标准(C)趋于宽松，分辨率(d’)较低；2) 强迫症患者在“获利”和“避害”两种任务情景中的信号检查指标没有显著差异。

Abstract: This article reviewed the research progress of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in pathophysiology and cognitive psychology, analyzed the theoretical and practical difficulty from domain- general explanation of OCD, and then suggested approaching the pathophysiological mechanism of OCD from the domain-specificity aspect. By quoting the studies about domain specificity of induction, the domain-specificity characteristics of OCD were discussed and new hypotheses were proposed: there are two types of cognitive bias in OCD: the first is the wrong assessment of the task valence, and the second is the improper classification of task type. The first cognitive bias was widely explored, while the second one was never studied. In the end, this article put forward the experimental hypothesis about the second cognitive bias as follows. In contrast to healthy controls, 1) OCD patients may get looser report-criterion (C) and lower distinguishability (d’) under the condition of Embrace-Advantage; while 2) there may be no significant difference of signal-detec- tion indexes under the conditions of Embrace-Advantage and Resist-Disadvantage for OCD patients.