中国少数民族生态伦理思想评述

Comment on Eco-Ethics Ideology of Minority Nationalities in China

摘要: 中国是一个多民族的国家，少数民族主要集中分布在自然环境较为恶劣的边远地区。各少数民族在长期的生产、生活过程中为适应其生存环境，形成了各自特有的生态文化和生态伦理。总体上看，中国各少数民族的宗教信仰、禁忌制度、社会习俗、文学艺术中大都包含着敬畏自然、节用爱物等朴素的生态伦理思想，在这些生态伦理思想指导下，实现了各少数民族人与自然的长期和谐。但是，在当代市场经济冲击下，某些少数民族传统文化中的许多生态伦理内容因不适应现代经济发展的需要而正趋于消亡。因此，挖掘、整理少数民族传统文化中有利于人与自然和谐的生态伦理思想，并将其整合到当代生态伦理中，已成为建设和谐社会的紧迫任务之一。

Abstract: China is a multinational country, but the minority nationalities of China mainly live in the outlying districts with severe environment conditions. Every minority nationality had constructed its own ecological culture and ecological ethics to get along with their living environment in the long term of production and life. In general, there are a lot of plain ecological ethics ideas such as revere nature, save and care the goods, in the religious belief, taboos and regimes, literature and art of each minority nationalities. Under the guidance of the ecological ethics ideas, the harmony between human and nature was realized. In modern time, however, under the impact of market oriented economy, some content of ecological ethics in the traditional culture of minority nationalities has tended to die out because it is not fit to the requirement of social development. For this reason, unearthing and reorganizing useful ecological ethics ideas in traditional culture of minority nationalities are an urgent task.