论政府合法性的由来与内涵——基于洛克《政府论下篇》的思考

The Origin and Connotation of the Legitimacy of the Government Based on The Second Treatise of Government by John Locke

摘要: 洛克的《政府论》被视为是政府起源研究之开端，其中《政府论下篇》运从自然法学的角度论证了政府的合法性由来，进而对政府合法性运作即权力的运用和制衡进行讨论。本文从人类自然权利的出让开始，逐步归纳了洛克在《政府论下篇》中有关政府合法性的论述，并从政府合法性的角度出发肯定了《政府论》在当代的理论价值。

Abstract: Locke’s “government theory” was regarded as the beginning of the study of the origin of government. The Second Treatise of Government demonstrated the legitimacy of the government from the perspective of natural law, and then discussed the legitimacy of the government, that is, the use of power and checks and balances. From the perspective of the legitimacy of the government, this article affirms the theoretical value of “government theory” in the contemporary era. This article begins with the transfer of the natural rights of mankind, and summarizes the discussion about the legitimacy of the government.