茅岭江入海口水质状况分析与评价

Water Quality Analysis and Evaluation in Maolingjiang River Inlet

摘要: 于2012~2013年5月、8月、10月份，对茅岭江入海口水质进行定点监测，通过分析该水域水体中总氮、总磷、无机氮、无机磷、化学需氧量、石油类等数据，研究该水域各水质指标的动态变化及趋势，并采用单因子评价法、氮磷比、富营养化指数法等方法对其结果进行水质分析和评价。结果表明：2012~2013年茅岭江入海口水质全年均有超标现象，其中总氮、总磷、石油类超标不严重，而无机氮和无机磷在2012年8月份和10月份超标最严重，超过了国家标准中的四类水质标准。2012~2013年茅岭江入海口水体氮磷比均处于不同程度的失衡状态，其中2012年各站位在5月份水体中磷是限制浮游藻类生长的主要因素，而2013年各站位水体中氮却成为了限制浮游藻类生长的主要因素。2012~2013年茅岭江入海口水体出现了不同程度的富营养化，其中2012年和2013年10月份富营养化程度最为严重，主要原因是水体COD含量严重超标，表明水体受到城镇生活污水及畜禽养殖业来源方面的有机物污染已经很严重。相关部门为此应制定好切实可行的方案，严格控制和治理茅岭江沿岸生活污水，生产废水和养殖废水的排放，降低各种人为因素对钦州茅岭江沿岸水质的影响与破坏。

Abstract: In May, August and October from 2012 to 2013, the water quality of the Maolingjiang River inlet was monitored. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and petroleum data were analyzed in order to research the dy-namic changes and trends of the water quality indicators. Meanwhile, the single-factor evaluation, nitrogen and phosphorus ratio, eutrophication index methods were used to analyze and evaluate the water quality. The results showed that the water quality of the Maolingjiang River inlet ex-ceeded the standard throughout the year from 2012 to 2013, and the total nitrogen, total phos-phorus and petroleum excessive situations were not serious, but the inorganic nitrogen and inor-ganic phosphorus in August and October of 2012 exceeded more than the national standard and reached in the four level water quality standards. The nitrogen and phosphorus ratios in the Maolingjiang River inlet from 2012 to 2013 were all in different degree of imbalance. Among them, phosphorus was the main limiting factor of phytoplankton growth in May in 2012, but the nitrogen had become the limiting factor of phytoplankton growth in 2013. There were different degrees of eutrophication phenomena in the Maolingjiang River inlet from 2012 to 2013. Among them, the eutrophication phenomenon was the most serious in October in 2012 and 2013. The main reason is that the COD content in water is seriously exceeding the standard, which indicates that the water body is affected by urban sewage and the livestock and poultry breeding industry sources of organic pollution have been very serious. Relevant departments should formulate a practical program for the strict control of the domestic sewage, production wastewater and aquaculture wastewater emissions along the Maolingjiang River and reduce the human factors on the Maolingjiang River so as to decrease the impact of water quality and destruction.