基于三电平的永磁同步电机调速系统的设计

Design of Speed Control System for PMSM Based on Three-Level Structure

摘要: 三相永磁同步电机在节约电能方面具有非常广阔的前景，它具有结构简单、体积小、效率高、易于散热和维护简单等优点。相比传统的两电平逆变器，三电平逆变器具有很多优点：单管耐压低、开关损耗降低、谐波含量小等，因此将三电平技术应用到永磁同步电机调速系统中，具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文主要研究了基于三电平中点箝位型(NPC)逆变器的永磁同步电机(PMSM)调速系统。电机采用转子磁场定向的矢量控制。为了达到控制目的，在三电平逆变器控制系统中引入了零序电压注入法。这种方法很好地控制了中点电压的平衡，以期降低逆变器输出电压谐波含量，改善电机定子电流波形，这将减小电机转矩脉动，改善电机控制性能。本文介绍了永磁同步电机的数学模型和矢量控制方法，阐述了中点箝位型三电平逆变器的拓扑结构和换流模式，分析了中点电位平衡算法和调制策略，最后通过实验验证了系统的可靠性和稳定性。

Abstract: The three-phase PMSM has a very broad prospect in saving electrical energy. It has the characte-ristics of simple structure, small volume, high efficiency and good heat radiation. Compared with conventional two-level inverters, three-level inverter has a series of advantages such as low vol-tage-proof for single transistor, low switching loss and low harmonic content, etc. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to apply the three-level inverter to the speed regulating system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In this paper, the speed regulating system of permanent magnet synchronous motor on the basis of three level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter is studied. Rotor flux oriented vector control method is applied on the motor. In order to implement the control process, zero sequence voltage injection method is introduced in the proposed three-level inverter control system. With this method, the balance of the neutral point voltage can be well achieved to reduce the harmonic content of the output voltage of the inverter and improve the stator current waveform, which will further minimize the motor torque ripple, and improve motor control performance. The mathematical model and vector control method of PMSM are introduced in this paper, both the topology and commutation mode of three-level inverter with neutral point clamping mode are described, and the neutral point potential balance algorithm and modulation strategy are also analyzed. Finally, the experiment verified the reliability and stability of the system.