云南坡耕地治理水土保持监测方法探索研究
Exploratory Study on Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring for Sloping Cultivated Land in Yunnan
DOI: 10.12677/JWRR.2017.62022, PDF, HTML, XML,  被引量 下载: 1,557  浏览: 2,483  科研立项经费支持
作者: 文朝菊：云南省水文水资源局，云南 昆明
关键词: 坡耕地；自然降雨；模拟降雨；土壤侵蚀强度；监测方法；分析研究；Sloping Cultivated Land； Nature Rainfall； Simulated Rainfall； Soil Erosion Intensity； Monitoring Method； Analysis and Research
摘要: 选取水土流失严重的5个治理小流域为研究对象，采用叠加喷洒式模拟降雨控制系统，探索和研究野外人工模拟降雨实验与自然降雨观测相结合的坡耕地水土保持监测方法。分别在5个坡改梯治理小流域内选址建设3个不同坡度20 m × 3 m的实验小区，历时三年进行了59场次模拟降雨实验和汛期158场次自然降雨观测，并分析水土流失治理效益。监测结果表明：坡度和降雨量对坡耕地土壤侵蚀强度影响显著，但降雨量的影响相对更大；模拟降雨实验梯地小区径流系数为坡地小区的39.8%，平均土壤侵蚀强度较坡地小区减小77.7%；自然降雨观测梯地小区径流系数为坡地小区的13.3%，平均土壤侵蚀强度较坡地小区减少90.0%。由此看来，模拟降雨实验和自然降雨观测两种途径的监测结果基本上是一致的，均表明坡改梯后减流减蚀效益显著。
Abstract: Five small watershed of seriously soil and water loss were selected as case study. The superposition spray type rainfall simulation control system was used to explore artificial simulated rainfall experiment combined with observed rainfall of farmland soil and water conservation monitoring method. Respectively within 5 terrace management of small watershed in the three different slope location construction 20 m × 3 m’s experimental plot, the three-year 59 games simulated rainfall experiment and flood season over 158 natural rainfall observation, used to analyze the benefits of soil and water loss control. The monitoring results show that the slope and rainfall intensity of soil erosion of slope affect significantly, but the influence of the rainfall is relatively greater. Simulated rainfall experiment terrace land plot runoff coefficient of 39.8% of the slope area, average slope area decreases in the soil erosion intensity is 77.7%. Natural rainfall observation terrace land plot runoff coefficient of 13.3% of the slope area, average slope area to reduce in the soil erosion intensity is 90.0%. The simulated rainfall experiment and natural rainfall observation results are basically consistent, which shows that the benefit is remarkable after terrace flow and erosion reduction.
文章引用：文朝菊. 云南坡耕地治理水土保持监测方法探索研究[J]. 水资源研究, 2017, 6(2): 187-195. https://doi.org/10.12677/JWRR.2017.62022

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