2015年珠三角地区市售大米和蔬菜中重金属含量及健康风险评价

Concentrations and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals from Market Rice and Vegetables in Pearl Delta River Area

摘要: 为了更好地了解和评价珠江三角洲地区市售农产品中As、Cd、Hg和Pb含量及其对人体的健康影响，本研究对珠江三角洲地区9个城市(广州市、佛山市等)市售大米和蔬菜中重金属含量进行分析，并对人体的健康风险进行评价。结果表明，大米中总砷含量均值为126 µg/kg；大米镉含量均值为113 µg/kg，大米中总汞含量均值为15.1 µg/kg，大米铅含量均值为85 µg/kg；广州市、佛山市、肇庆市和东莞市等城市共有13个样品中镉超过标准规定；佛山市和肇庆市的部分大米样品中总汞超过标准规定。所采集的6种蔬菜302份样品中的Cd和Pb含量均未见超标。仅通过食用大米，珠三角地区居民As、Cd、Hg、Pb的平均最高摄入量分别为0.67 (珠海)、0.81 (广州)、0.14 (佛山)、0.53 (佛山) µg/kg/d；而通过食用蔬菜，Cd、Pb的平均最高摄入量分别为0.20 (佛山)和0.15 (东莞) µg/kg/d。珠三角地区市售大米对人体存在一定的健康风险，蔬菜中铅、镉的含量及人群摄入量总体处于安全水平。

Abstract: A systematic survey of heavy metals concentrations in market rice and vegetables from 9 cities in Pearl Delta River area was carried out for assessing health risk to local inhabitants. The average concentrations of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in market rice were 126, 113, 15.1 and 85 µg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Cd and Hg in partly market rice samples from Guangzhou, Foshan and Zhaoqing cities exceeded the maximum allowable limits. The average concentrations of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in 6 species of vegetables (302 samples) were all far below the maximum allowable limits. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) method is used to assess the possible health risks to local population through consumption of rice and vegetables. Via consumption of market rice, daily intakes of As, Cd, Hg and Pb were 0.67 (Zhuhai), 0.81 (Guangzhou), 0.14 (Foshan), 0.53 (Foshan) µg/kg/d；and daily intakes of Cd and Pb were 0.20 (Foshan) and 0.15 (Dongguan) µg/kg/d from consumption of market vegetables. The potential health risk for local residents is seriously due to the combined heavy metal from rice.