黄土丘陵区枣林土壤水分调控技术研究
Research on Regulation Techniques of Soil Moisture in a Dense Jujube Plantation in Lo-ess Hilly Region
DOI: 10.12677/HJSS.2017.51001, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 1,536  浏览: 3,423  科研立项经费支持
作者: 汪治同, 王莉红, 高志华：内蒙阿拉善左旗农牧局，内蒙古 左旗
关键词: 黄土丘陵区；密植枣林；土壤水分；人工林；Loess Hilly Area； Dense Jujube Plantation； Soil Moisture； Artificial Forest
摘要: 针对黄土丘陵半干旱区大面积人工林草地土壤干化严重问题，而有关专门进行土壤水分亏缺的恢复试验研究缺乏的问题。本研究在陕北12龄山地密植枣林对秸秆覆盖、保水剂、聚水沟、少量补灌、矮化密植、缩小树体修剪措施下的土壤水分进行了定位试验观测，并结合林地根系调查，研究了几种措施对枣林土壤水分的调控作用。结果表明：秸秆覆盖、保水剂、聚水沟措施可分别影响0~260 cm、0~160 cm、0~300 cm土层的土壤水分含量，聚水沟措施具有更强的土壤水分调控功能；稀植枣林由于根系深度超过矮化密植枣林根系，从而增加了林地土壤深层水分亏缺；小量补充灌水会促进树木生长，而对土壤水分的恢复没有明显作用；通过修剪控制树体规格降低叶面积指数可以较好地减小枣树蒸腾耗水量，有利于土壤水分的调控，是土壤水分调控的新途径；研究认为在黄土丘陵半干旱区，可以尝试在矮化密植枣林结合应用聚水沟技术以及根据当地降雨调控枣树产量的节水型修剪技术，达到恢复土壤水分为目的的调控土壤水分手段。该研究对半干旱区旱作林草地土壤水分调控及可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。
Abstract: There are many researches on soil moisture deficit of artificial forest and grass in Semiarid Loess Hilly Area, but a few studies are focused on the recovery of soil moisture deficit in this region. In this study, 12 old mountain in Northern Shaanxi jujube forest planting of straw mulch and water retaining agent, a small amount of irrigation ditch, poly, dwarfing close planting, soil moisture reduced tree pruning measures under the experiment observation, combined with forest root investigation, study the controlling effect of several measures on soil moisture in jujube forest. Results showed that the soil water content depths under straw mulching, water-retaining agent and rainwater harvesting ditch treatments can reach 260 cm, 160 cm, and 300 cm, respectively, but the rainwater harvesting ditch has stronger effect on soil moisture regulation. Dwarf and dense planting jujube can shoal the rooting depths and reduce deep soil water deficit, while sparse planting jujube plantations have deeper root system. A little supplemental irrigation would promote jujube growth, but has little effect on soil moisture restoration. Transpiration water consumption of jujube can be effectively reduced by pruning trees to control specifications and lowering leaf area index, which is beneficial to soil water regulation. Combined applied water-saved pruning and rainwater harvesting ditch technique, dwarfed dense Jujube plantations would effectively regulate soil moisture in Semiarid Loess Hilly Areas. The study is significant to soil moisture ecological restoration as well as sustainable development of forestry.
文章引用：汪治同, 王莉红, 高志华. 黄土丘陵区枣林土壤水分调控技术研究[J]. 土壤科学, 2017, 5(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12677/HJSS.2017.51001

参考文献

[1] Wu, P., Wang, Y.K., Xing, X.G. and Zhu, D.L. (2008) Integration and Demonstration of the Date Micro-Irrigation Technology in the Hilly of Shanbei. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 26, 1-6.
[2] Shi, N.H. (1985) Diseussion the Gully and Water on the Loess Plateau. Journal of Chinese Historical Geography, 1, 341-375.
[3] Xu, X.X. (2001) Soil Water Resources and Its Bearing Capacity of Vegetation on Loess Plateau: Yangling. Northwest A&F University, Xianyang.
[4] Chen, L.D., Wei, W., Fu, B.J. and Lü, Y.H. (2007) Soil and Water Conservation on the Loess Plateau in China: Review and Perspective. Progress in Physical Geography, 31, 389-403.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0309133307081290
[5] Yang, W.Z. and Li, B.C. (1982) The Scientific Experiment Problem of Soil and Water Conservation on Loess Hilly Area of Northern Shaanxi. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 6, 15-20.
[6] Yang, W.Z. (1983) Development of Forest, Grassland and Dry Farming on Loess Hilly Area of Northern Shaanxi. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 6, 58-63.
[7] Li, Y.S. (1983) The Properties of Water Cycle in Soil and their Effect on Water Cycle for Land in the Loess Region. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 3, 91-101.
[8] Fu, J., Hao, M.D. and Shao, M.A. (2004) Water Consumption of Deep Soil Layers and Eco-Environmental Effects of Agricultural Ecosystem in the Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 20, 61-64.
[9] Cheng, H.S., Shao, M.A. and Wang, K.L. (2005) Desiccation of Deep Soil Layer and Soil Water Cycle Characteristics on the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25, 2491-2498.
[10] Cao, Y., Li, J., Zhang, S.H., Wang, Y.L., Cheng, K., Wang, X.C., Wang, Y.L. and Tahir, M.N. (2012) Characteristics of Deep Soil Desiccation of Apple Orchards in Different Weather and Landform Zones of Loess Plateau in China. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 28, 72-79.
[11] Zhang, C.C., Shao, M.A. and Wang, Y.Q. (2012) Spatial Distribution of Dried Soil Layers under Different Vegetation Types at Slope Scale in Loess Region. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 28, 102-108.
[12] Cao, S.X., Wang, G.S. and Chen, L. (2010) Questionable Value of Planting Thirsty Trees in Dry Regions. Nature, 465, 31.
https://doi.org/10.1038/465031d
[13] Chen, H.S., Shao, M.A. and Li, Y.Y. (2008) Soil Desiccation in the Loess Plateau of China. Geoderma, 143, 91-100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.10.013
[14] Wang, Y.Q., Shao, M.A. and Liu, Z.P. (2013) Vertical Distribution and Influencing Factors of Soil Water Content within 21-M Profile on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geoderma, 193, 300-310.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.10.011
[15] Shukla, J. and Mintz, Y. (1982) Influence of Land-Surface Evapotranspiration on the Earth's Climate. Science, 215, 1498-1501.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.215.4539.1498
[16] Liu, J.G. and Diamond, J. (2005) China’s Environment in a Globalizing World. Nature, 435, 1179-1186.
https://doi.org/10.1038/4351179a
[17] Yang, W.Z. (1992) Diseussion on the Problem of Eco-Enviromentalconstruetion on the Loess Plateau. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 12, 1-8.
[18] Yang, W.Z., Shao, M.A., Peng, X.D. and Xia, W.S. (1998) TheRelationship between Water and Drought Environment on the Loess Plateau. Science in China (Series D), 28, 357-365.
[19] Yang, W.Z. and Tian, J.L. (2004) The Exploration of Soil Desiccation Problem on the Loess Plateau. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 41, 1-6.
[20] Cheng, H.S., Wang, K.L. and Shao, M.A. (2005) A Review on the Effect of Vegetation Rehabilitation on the Desiccation of Deep Soil Layer on the Loess Plateau. Cientiasilvaesinicae, 41, 155-161.
[21] Guo, Z.S. and Shao, M.A. (2003) Soil Water Carrying Capacity of Vegetation and Soil Desiccation in Artificial Forestry and Grassland in Semi-Arid Regions of the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 23, 1640-1647.
[22] Wang, Z.Q., Liu, B.Y. and Lu, B.J. (2003) A Study on Water Restoration of Dry Soil Layers in the Semi-Arid Area of Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 23, 1944-1950.
[23] Wang, Z.Q., Liu, B.Y., Liu, G. and Zhang, Y.H. (2009) Soil Water Depletion Depth by Planted Vegetation on the Loess Plateau. Science in China: Earth Sciences, 52, 835-842.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0087-y
[24] Wang, Z.Q., Liu, B.Y., Wang, X.Y. and Hang, Y.F. (2007) Soil Water Restoration of Different Land Use after Artificial Forest in the Semi-Arid Area of Loess Plateau. Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 23, 77-83.
[25] Wei, X.G. (2014) Law of Rainfed Jujube Tree Transpiration and Water-Saving Control Strategy at Semiarid Hilly Areas of the Loess Plateau. Northwest A&F University, Xianyang.
[26] Jin, S.S., Wang, X., Wang, Y.K. and She, T. (2016) Effects of Typical Mulching Patterns on Soil Water Loss in Jujube Land during Dormancy Period. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 32, 153-160.
[27] Shan, C.J. and Liang, Z.S. (2006) Relationship between Root Distribution of Locust Plantation and Soil Water in the Loess Plateau. Journal of Central South Forestry University, 26, 19-22.
[28] Zhao, Z., Cheng, X.R., Xue, W.P., Wang, D.H. and Yuan, Z.F. (2006) Difference of Fine Root Vertical Distribution of Robiniapseudoacacia under the Different Climate Regions in the Loess Plateau. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 42, 1-7.
[29] Silva, E.V., Bouillet, J.P., Gonçalves, J.L.M., Junior, C.H.A., Trivelin, P.C.O., Hinsinger, P., Jourdan, C., Nouvellon, Y., Stape, J.L. and Laclau, J.P. (2011) Functional Specialization of Eucalyptus Fine Roots: Contrasting Potential Uptake Rates for Nitrogen, Potassium and Calcium Tracers at Varying Soil Depths. Functional Ecology, 25, 996-1006.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01867.x
[30] Kizito, F., Dragila, M., Sène, M., Lufafa, A., Diedhiou, I., Dick, R.P., Selker, J.S, Dossa, M., Khouma, M., Badinae, A. and Ndiaye, S. (2006) Seasonal Soil Water Variation and Root Patterns between Two Semi-Arid Shrubs Co-Existing with Pearl Millet in Senegal. West Africa Journal of Arid Environments, 67, 436-455.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.02.021
[31] Nepstad, D.C., Carvalho, C.R.D., Davidson, E.A., Jipp, P., Lefebvre, P.A., Negreiros, G.H., Silva, E.D., Stone, T.A., Trumbore, S.E. and Vieira, S. (1994) The Role of Deep Roots in the Hydrological and Carbon Cycles of Amazonian Forests and Pastures. Nature, 372, 666-669.
https://doi.org/10.1038/372666a0
[32] Wang, Z.Q., Liu, B.Y. and Zhang, Y. (2009) Soil Moisture of Different Vegetation Types on the Loess Plateau. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 19, 707-718.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-009-0707-7
[33] Tang, M. (2003) Application of Surge Irrigation Technology. Water Saving Irrigation, 6 24-26.
[34] Li, M.S., Kang, S.Z. and Sun, H.Y. (2006) Relationships between Dripper Discharge and Soil Wetting Pattern for Drip Irrigation. Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 22, 32-35.
[35] Li, P.H., Wang, Y.K., Ma, L.H., Zhao, Y.N. and Duan, X.S. (2009) Study on Eigenvalues of Wetted Soil under Surge Root Irrigation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 23, 190-194.
[36] Cheng, H.J., Wang, Q.J., Bai, Y.G., Cai, J.S. and Zeng, C. (2010) Influence of Line Source Length of Vertical Line Source Irrigation on Wetted Soil Change Characteristics. Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 26, 32-37.
[37] Zhao, W.X., Zhang, Z.H., Cai, H.J. and Xie, H.X. (2010) Characteristic Parameters of Soil Wetted Volume under Indirect Subsurface Drip Irrigation. Transactions of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 26, 87-92.
[38] Guo, M.X., Bi, H.X., Liu, X., Li, J., Guo, C.Y. and Lin, J.J. (2006) Review on the Water Consumption of Tree Transpiration. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 4, 114-120.
[39] Chen, R.S., Kang, E.S., Zhao, W.Z., Zhang, Z.H., Yang, J.P. and Zhang, J.S. (2004) Trees Transpiration Response to Meteorological Variables in Arid Regions of Northwest China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24, 477-485.
[40] Kong, J.J., Jia, L.M. and Li, G.D. (2007) Advances in the Researches of Exterior Effect Factors on Tree Water Consumption. World Forestry Research, 20, 16-21.
[41] Wang, M.B., Li, H.G., Chai, B.F. and Feng, C.P. (1999) A Comparison of Transpiration, Photosynthesis and Transpiration Efficiency in Four Tree Species in the Loess Region. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 23, 401-410.
[42] Chen, L.X., Li, Z.D., Zhang, Z.Q., Zhang, W.J., Zhang, X.F., Dong, K.Y. and Wang, G.Y. (2009) Environmental Responses of Four Urban Tree Species Transpiration in Northern China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 20, 2861-2870.

为你推荐