教育回报率的性别差异

Gender Gap of Education Returns

摘要: 采用2014年武汉市综合社会调查的数据，在对明瑟方程加以扩展的基础上，本文从工作经验和单位性质、教育层次、家庭背景三个层面对教育回报率的性别差异进行了详细分析。结果显示工作经验扩大了教育回报率的性别差异，而职业和单位性质因素又从另一层面缩小了性别差距。对于女性来说，受教育程度越高，教育回报率也越高，但同时与同学历男性的收入差距也越大。优势阶层家庭子女的教育回报率普遍高于劣势阶层子女，但家庭背景的优越并没有对逐渐拉大的教育回报率起到减缓作用。尽管如此，女性要减少性别劣势，接受更多的教育是比较有效的方法。

Abstract: Adopting the data of Wuhan general social survey in 2014, while introducing extended Mincer equation, this paper analyzes gender difference of education returns from following three aspects: work experience and unit characteristic, education level, family background. Results show that work experience could enlarge gender earning gap, while unit characteristic decreases this distance. Women’s education returns increase with the increasing education year, but meanwhile gender gap also becomes larger. Education returns of people who come from advanced family are higher than those from inferior family, but superior family background does not decrease increasingly enlarged gender difference. Even so, more education is still the most effective way for female to improve gender disadvantage.