从《盐铁论》所载物品看破坏生态环境的主要因素

The Items of Discourse on Salt andIron: Research Regarding the PrimaryFactors That Destroyed the Ecological Environment

摘要: 桓宽的《盐铁论》不只是一部反映儒法斗争的著作，还全面展示了西汉中期的整体社会风貌，贤良文学与御史大夫辩论的主题从国家政策法令到百姓衣、食、住、行、用，无所不包。从环境史角度对辩论双方言论中所涉物品按不同用途与属性划分，不难看出这一时期破坏生态环境的主要因素有水旱灾害频发、人类对资源的过度索取、人口增长和屯田及大规模战争的破坏等。另外，从双方的辩论中，我们还可以总结出有关环境治理的思想。

Abstract: Discourses on Salt and Iron reflects the struggle of Confucianism and Legalism, showing a broad spectrum of social features of the Mid-Western Han Dynasty. Classic literature debate comparing imperial censorship involving national policies and how it effected basic public necessities are noted in this discourse. From the perspective of environmental history, I describe the main factors that destroyed the ecological environment during this period, which included frequent floods, over consumption of resources, population growth, land cultivation and the large-scale destruction caused by war. On both sides of the debate, we can account for the method of governance on the environment.