老年脑卒中患者的心理适应：基于认知适应理论

Psychological Adjustment of Elderly Stroke Survivors: Based on the Theory of Cognitive Adaptation

摘要: 目的：旨在从积极适应(生活满意度)和消极适应(抑郁)两方面考察我国老年脑卒中患者心理适应的整体特征，以及认知适应三要素(自尊、乐观、掌控感)对脑卒中患者心理适应的预测作用。方法：采用自尊量表、乐观情绪量表、自我控制量表、生活满意度量表和抑郁自评量表，对北京、山西、山东、福建等地214名老年脑卒中患者进行问卷调查。结果：总体而言，老年脑卒中患者体验到较多的抑郁情绪困扰，但同时也报告了中等程度的生活满意度；自尊、乐观和掌控感对老年人生活满意度水平有显著的正向预测作用，而对老年人的抑郁状况有显著的负向预测作用。结论：认知适应理论可作为今后开展老年脑卒中患者不良心理适应预防工作的基础。

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the general characteristics of mental adjustment in elderly stroke survivors from the aspects of positive adaptation (life satisfaction) and negative adaptation (depression), and inspect the predictive effects of the three factors of cognitive adaptation (self-esteem, optimism, sense of control) on mental adaptation in stroke survivors. Method: The self-esteem scale, optimistic mood scale, the mastery scale, life satisfaction scale and depression self-rating scale were used to investigate 214 elderly stroke survivors in Beijing, Shanxi, Shandong and Fujian. Result: Overall, older stroke survivors experienced more depressed distress, but also reported a moderate degree of life satisfaction; the three factors of cognitive adaptation (self-esteem, optimism, sense of control) were significantly positively correlated with life satisfaction level, and were significantly negatively correlated with scores on depression. Conclusion: The Theory of Cognitive Adaptation can be used as the basis for the prevention to the psychological adjustment of elderly stroke survivors.